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°ê¥~¾ÇªÌBrophy
(1986)»{¬°§¹¬üªº±Ð¾ÇÀ³¨ã³Æ(1)±Ð¾Ç¥Ø¼Ð¬Û·í²M·¡¡F(2)¼ô±x±Ð¾Ç¤º®e»P±Ð¾Çµ¦²¤¡F(3)Åý¾Ç¥Í©ú¥Õ±Ð®vªº´Á±æ¥H¤Îì¦]¡F(4)¬Û·í¼ô½mªº¨Ï¥Î²{¦³±Ð§÷¡F(5)ÁA¸Ñ¾Ç¥Í¡A¨Ì¾Ç¥ÍÓ§O»Ýn±Ð¾Ç¥B¯à¹wª¾¾Ç¥Íªº¿ù»~¡F(6)´£¨Ñ¾Ç¥Í«á³]»{ª¾ªºµ¦²¤¥BÅý¾Ç¥Í¼ô½m¡F(7)µ¹¤©°ª¡B§C¼hªº»{ª¾¥Ø¼Ð¡F(8)²Î¾ã¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº±Ð¾Ç¡F(9)¬°¾Ç¥Íªº¦¨´Nt³d¡F(10)¯à¹ï±Ð¾Ç¥[¥H«ä¦Ò¤Î¤Ï¬Ù¡C
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Y¥H±Ð¾Ç¹F¦¨¤§¥Ø¼Ð¦Ó¨¥¡A§õªÃ¼w¡B§õ©w¤¯(1991)»{¬°±Ð¾Çªº³Ì²×¥ô°È¬On¹F¦¨±Ð¾Ç¥Øªº¡A¦Ó±Ð¾Ç¥Øªº¬O§_¹F¦¨«h»Ýn±q¾Ç¥Í¨¤W§e²{¡A¬°¤F¹F¦¨¥Øªº¡A¥²¶·³q¹L½Òµ{»P¤èªkªº¤¤¤¶¤Î¾Ç¥Íªº¦^õX¡A¦P®É±Ð®v¤]À³³]ªk±±¨î©Î¾AÀ³Àô¹Ò¡A¨Ï¨ä¹ï¾Ç¥Í²£¥Í¦³§Qªº¼vÅT¡A©Ò´£¥Xªº±Ð¾Ç½Ñn¯ÀÃö«Y¦p¹Ï3©Ò¥Ü¡C
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Y¥Ñ±Ð¾Ç³]pªº¨¤«×¨Ó¦Ò¶q¡AKemp
(1985)«h»{¬°¤@Ó§¹¾ãªº±Ð¾Ç³]pµ¦µe®×¤¤¡A¦³¤QÓn¯À»Ýn¦Ò¼{¡G(1)µû¦ô¾Ç²ßªÌªº»Ýn¡A½T©w±Ð¾Çpµe¥Øªº¡B¨î»PÀu¥ý¶¶§Ç¡F(2)¿ï¾Ü±Ð¾Ç¥DÃD©Î°V½m¤u§@¦WºÙ¡A¥H¤Î§Æ±æ¹F¨ìªº¤@¯ë¥Ø¼Ð¡F(3)¤ÀªR¾Ç²ßªÌ©Î¨ü°V¤Hûªº¯S©Ê¡F(4)«ö·Ó¹w©wªº½T©w¥DÃD¤º®e©Î¤ÀªR¤u§@¶µ¥Ø¡F(5)¨Ì¥DÃD¤º®e©Î¤u§@¶µ¥Øq©w©ú½T¾Ç²ß¥Ø¼Ð¡F(6)³]p¦w±Æ¹F¦¨¥Ø¼Ðªº±Ð¾Ç¤èªk»P¾Ç²ß¬¡°Ê¡F(7)¿ï¾Ü°t¦X±Ð¾Ç©M¾Ç²ß¬¡ªº¦U¶µ¸ê·½¡F(8)¦w±Æ±Ð¾Çn»s§@±Ð§÷©Ò»Ýªº¸ê·½¡F(9)·Ç³Æ¾Ç²ß¦¨ªGªºµûŲpµe¡F(10)¥Î¹w¸Õªº¤èªk¨Ó¨M©w¦p¦ó¬°¾Ç²ßªÌ°µ¾Ç²ß«e·Ç³Æ©Î½Õ¾ã¡C
°ê¥~¾ÇªÌBrophy (1986)»{¬°§¹¬üªº±Ð¾ÇÀ³¨ã³Æ(1)±Ð¾Ç¥Ø¼Ð¬Û·í²M·¡¡F(2)¼ô±x±Ð¾Ç¤º®e»P±Ð¾Çµ¦²¤¡F(3)Åý¾Ç¥Í©ú¥Õ±Ð®vªº´Á±æ¥H¤Îì¦]¡F(4)¬Û·í¼ô½mªº¨Ï¥Î²{¦³±Ð§÷¡F(5)ÁA¸Ñ¾Ç¥Í¡A¨Ì¾Ç¥ÍÓ§O»Ýn±Ð¾Ç¥B¯à¹wª¾¾Ç¥Íªº¿ù»~¡F(6)´£¨Ñ¾Ç¥Í«á³]»{ª¾ªºµ¦²¤¥BÅý¾Ç¥Í¼ô½m¡F(7)µ¹¤©°ª¡B§C¼hªº»{ª¾¥Ø¼Ð¡F(8)²Î¾ã¨ä¥¦¾Ç¬ìªº±Ð¾Ç¡F(9)¬°¾Ç¥Íªº¦¨´Nt³d¡F(10)¯à¹ï±Ð¾Ç¥[¥H«ä¦Ò¤Î¤Ï¬Ù¡C¬ã¨sªÌ±N¾ú¨Ó¤@¨Ç¾ÇªÌ¹ï¦³®Ä¯àªº±Ð¾Çªº¬É©w¾ã²z©óªí2¡C
¬ã¨sªÌ |
¦~¥÷ |
¦³®Ä¯à±Ð¾Çªº±¦V |
§õ¶©ÌÅ |
2001 |
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ªL®ü²M |
1994 |
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Porter ©M Brophy |
1996 |
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Hudgins |
1988 |
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Marsh |
1991 |
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Borich |
1994 |
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Rosenshine |
1983 |
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¬ã¨sªÌ |
¦~¥÷ |
«ü¼Ðªº©w¸q |
ÄǹF´Ü |
1997 |
«ü¼Ð¬O¹ï¬Y¤@©w°ì¤¤ªº¨CÓ¤¸¯À¡A¦bª¾ÃÑ¡B§Þ¯à¡B¯à¤O¡BºA«×¤Î¦æ¬°¤Wµo®i©w¸q¡A©Îµo®i»P³W·Ç¦³Ãöªº¸gÅçªk«h |
®}¶W¸t |
1999 |
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±i¹f´I |
1999 |
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2001 |
1.±Ð¨|«ü¼ÐÀ³¥]¬A¾îÂ_±ªº²{ªp´ú¶q»PÁaÂ_±ªº®É¶¡¼Æ¦C´ú¶q¡A¥H¦³®ÄÁA¸Ñ±Ð¨|¨î«×ªº²{ªp»PÅܾEÁͶաC2.«ü¼Ð¥i¥H±N½èªº¦L¶H¥H¶qªº¼Æ¾Ú¨Óªí¥Ü¡A¤Ï¬M¥X¯u¹êªº±¡ªp©Î¥HÀËÅç¥X¨CÓ¤¤¶¡ªº¹Lµ{¡A±µªñ©Î¹F¦¨¬J©w¥Ø¼Ðªºµ{«×¡C |
|
1981 |
«ü¼Ð¬O¤@ºØ²Îpªº´ú¶q¡A¥¦¯à¤Ï¬M¥X§^¤H·P¨ì¿³½ì¤§²{¶Hªº«n¼h±¡C¨ä¦¸¡A¥¦À³¯à¹ï¬ÛÃöªº¼h±¶i¦æ¥[Á`©Î¤À³Î¡A¥H¹F¦¨¬ã¨s¤ÀªRªº¥Øªº¡C |
Mayston ©M Jesson |
1991 |
«ü¼Ð(indicator)¬O¤@ºØ¸ê°T¡A¥¦¦³¯à¤O¬°±Ð¨|¨t²Î´£¨Ñ¥i¸ÑÄÀªº¸ê®Æ¡A¥H§@¬°¨Mµ¦°Ñ¦Ò¤§¥Î¡C |
OECD |
1992 |
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Education Science Culture of Organization¡A²ºÙUNESCO)»P¸gÀÙ¦X§@¶}µo²Õ´(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development¡A²ºÙOECD)´¿©e°U¥ý¶i°ê®a«Øºc±Ð¨|¨t²Î«ü¼Ð(Indicators of Education
Systems)¡A§@¬°¦U°ê¤ñ¸û°Ñ¦Òªº¨Ì¾Ú(¤Þ¦Û²øÁ¾¥»¡A1999)¡C°ß¦³¦X²z¡B©ú½T¡B©P©µ»P¾A¤ÁªºµûŲ«ü¼Ð¡A¤~¯à§e²{±Ð¨|¾÷ºcªº¯u¥¿ÁZ®Ä¡A¥H«K§@¬°¨Mµ¦¤§¨Ì¾Ú¡CÃö©ó«ü¼Ðªº³W·Ç¡A¤ý²Q©É(2002)Âk¯Ç¥X«nªº³W·Ç¦³¥H¤U¤C¶µ¡G
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¬ã¨sªÌ |
¦~¥÷ |
µûŲªº©w¸q |
Á¤å¥þ |
1989 |
¹ï¨Æ¶µ¥[¥H¼f·VµûªR¡A¥H¶q©w¨ä±o¥¢¤Îì¦]¡A¾Ú¥H¨M©w¦p¦ó§ï¶i©Î«·spµeªº¹Lµ{¡C |
¶À¥ú¶¯ |
1989 |
¦³¨t²Îªºµû¦ô¬Y¤@¹ï¶Hªº»ùÈ©ÎÀuÂI¡A¨ä¯A¤Î¥Ø¼Ð»Pµ²ªGªº¤ñ¸û¡A¥ç§Yµ²¦X¡u¦æ¬°ªí²{¡v(performance)»P¡u»ùÈ¡v(value)ªº¬ã¨s¡C |
±i¼w¾U |
1992 |
»{¬°±Ð¨|µûŲ¥Øªº¦b¨ó§UµûŲªº¹ï¶H§ï¶i¨äªA°È «~½è¡A©Î§@¬°¦æ¬F¨M©wªº¨Ì¾Ú¡C |
¯³¹Ú¸s |
1997 |
±Ð¨|µûŲ¬O¹ï±Ð¨|²{¶H©Î¬¡°Ê¡A³z¹L¦¬¶°¡B²Õ´¡B¤ÀªR¸ê®Æ¡A¥[¥H´yz»P»ùȧPÂ_ªº¾úµ{¡C |
|
1950 |
µûŲ¬O¥Ø¼Ð»Pªí²{µ²ªGªº¤ñ¸û¹Lµ{¡C |
Stufflebeam |
1971 |
±Ôz¡BÀò¨ú¤Î´£¨Ñ¦³¥Î¸ê®Æ¡A¥H§PÂ_¼ÆºØ¤è®×¤§®Ä¯à¡AºÉ¦Ó§@¨M©wªº¾úµ{¡C |
Worthen ©M Sander |
1987 |
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