½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤§µo®i¾úµ{»P²£·~²{ªp
§õ©¾¿Ù
°ê¥ß¤¤¥¿¤j¾Ç¹q°T¶Ç¼½¬ã¨s©Ò
¤@¡B
½u¤Wµ¼Ö¬ÛÃö·§©À»Pµo®i¾úµ{
¡]¤@¡^ ½u¤Wµ¼Ö¬ÛÃö·§©À
ºîÆ[µ¼Ö²£·~ªºµo®i¾úµ{¥i¥Hµo²{¡Aµ¼Ö¾P°â®æ¦¡¡]music sale formats¡^¥H¤Î¼½©ñ³]³Æ¡]playing device¡^ªºÅܲ¬O«P¨Ï¸Ó²£·~§Ö³t¦¨ªø»P¶i¨Bªº¥DnÅX¤O¡A±q¹L¥hÃþ¤ñ«¬ºAªº¶Â½¦°Û¤ù¡]Vinyl Record¡^¡B¥d¦¡¿ýµ±a¡]Compact audio cassette¡^¡A¨ì¼Æ¦ì«¬ºAªº¥ú¾ÇºÐ¤ù¡]Compact Disc¡ACD¡^¡B°g§A¥úºÐ¤ù¡]Mini Disc¡AMD¡^¡B¼Æ¦ì¦h¥\¯à¥úºÐ¤ù¡]Digital Versatile Disc¡ADVD¡^¡BÂÅ¥ú¥úºÐ¡]Blu-ray Disc¡ABD¡^¡A¥H¦Ü¥Ø«e¦UÃþ¼Æ¦ìµ¼ÖÀɮ׮榡»PµêÀÀ¶Ç¿é³q¸ôµ¥¡]¨£ªí1¡^¡Aµ¼Ö´CÅ骺®æ¦¡«ùÄò¦bºt¶i¤¤¡A¨Ï±oµ¼Öªº¶Ç¼½§ó¥[§Ö³t¡B«K§Q¤Î¼sªx¡A¥i¨£¬ì§Þªº¶i¨B¤£Â_¦ÒÅçµ¼Ö¤u·~¥¼¨Óªºµo®i¡]Vincent & Vickery, 2004¡^¡C
ªí1¡G1985¦Ü¤µµ¼Ö®æ¦¡»P¼½©ñ³]³Æªººt¶i¹Lµ{
1985 |
2009 |
||
µ¼Ö¾P°â®æ¦¡ |
¬ÛÀ³¼½©ñ³]³Æ |
µ¼Ö¾P°â®æ¦¡ |
¬ÛÀ³¼½©ñ³]³Æ |
¶Â½¦°Û¤ù |
°Û½L¾÷ |
|
|
¥d¦¡¿ýµ±a |
ºÏ±aÅX°Ê¾¹¡]tape deck¡^ |
||
CD |
CD¼½©ñ¾÷ |
CD |
CD¼½©ñ¾÷¡BMP3¼½©ñ¾¹¡B¹q¸£¡B¹CÀ¸¸Ë¸m |
¼s¼½ |
¼s¼½ÀW²v½Õ¾ã¾¹ |
¼s¼½ |
ÀW²v½Õ¾ã¾¹¡B½Ã¬P |
¹qµø¡þ¿ý¼v±a |
¹qµø¾÷¡B¥d¦¡¿ý©ñ¼v¾÷ |
¹qµø¡þ¿ý¼v±a |
½Ã¬P¡B¦³½u¹qÆl¡B¿ý©ñ¼v¾÷¡B¼Æ¦ìÀW²v½Õ¾ã¾¹ |
|
DVD¡þBD |
DVD¡þBD¼½©ñ¾÷¡B¹q¸£ |
|
¦ê¬y¡B½u¤W¼s¼½ |
¹q¸£ |
||
¤U¸ü |
¹q¸£¡B¦UÃþ¦æ°Ê¸Ë¸m |
||
µ¼Ö¹aÁn |
¦æ°Ê¹q¸Ü |
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GVincent»PVickery¡]2004¡^¡B¥»¬ã¨s¾ã²z
½u¤Wµ¼Ö¡]on-line
music¡^®Ú¾Ú¸êµ¦·|MICªº©w¸q¡A«Y«ü¥Ñºô»Úºô¸ô¤§µ¼Ö¸ê®Æ®w´£¨Ñ¥þ¦±µ¼Ö¡]full track music¡^¡B°ò¥»¹aÁn¡]ring tone¡^¡Bìµ¹aÁn¡]realtones¡^¡B¨Ó¹qµª¹a¡]ring-back tone¡^¡Bµ¼Ö¼v¤ù¡]music video¡^¥H¤ÎRadio DJµ¥ªA°È¡A¦Ó¦æ°Êµ¼Ö«h¬O«ü¥Ñ¦æ°Ê³q°Tºô¸ô¤ä´©¡A©Î³z¹L¦æ°Ê³q°TªA°È·~ªÌ¤§ºô¸ô¦AÂà¦Ü¦æ°Ê¹q¸Ü¶i¦æ¤§µ¼ÖªA°È¡A¥]¬A©Ò¦³»P½u¤Wµ¼Ö¬ÛÃöªºªA°ÈÃþ«¬¡A¥u¬O³Ì«áÀ³¥Î¦b¦æ°Ê¸ü¨ã¤W¡]¶À©Éµ¡B©P¾ðªL¡A2005¡^¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W±q«e¤åªº±Ôz¥i¥Hµo²{¡A¦æ°Êµ¼Ö¡]Mobile music¡^¥çÀ³¥]§t¦b¼s¸qªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È½dÃ¥¤¤¡C
½u¤Wµ¼Ö°ò¥»¤W´N¬O¤@²Õ¼Æ¦ìµ·½«H¸¹¡A¦]¦¹Yn¶¶§Q¶Ç»¼¨ì¨CӨϥΪ̪º²×ºÝ³]³Æ¤¤´N¥²¶·¥õ¿à½s¸Ñ½X¾¹¡]codec¡^±N¼Æ¾Ú¸ê®Æ¶i¦æÀ£ÁYÂà´«ªº°Ê§@¡A¤j¦h¼Æ½s¸Ñ½X¾¹¦b¨Ï¥Î¤W¹ï©ó¼Æ¾Úªº«~½è¬O¨ã¦³·l®`©Êªº¡A¨ä¥Øªº¬O¬°¤F±o¨ì§ó¤jªºÀ£ÁY¤ñ¥H¤Îsize§óºë¥©ªº¤å¥ó¡A²¦Ó¨¥¤§Audio codec´N¬O«UºÙªº¼Æ¦ìµ¼ÖÀɮ׮榡¡C¥Ø«e¥Î©óºô¸ô¶Ç¿éªº¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö®æ¦¡¬Û·í¦h¡A°£¤Fª¾¦W«×³Ì¤jªºMP3¡]MPEG-1
Audio Layer 3¡^¤§¥~¡AÄ«ªG¹q¸£¦Û¦æ¶}µo¥XªºALAC¡B¦biTunes Store¤W¹B¦æªºAAC¡]Advanced
Audio Coding¡^¡BSony¬ãµoªºATRAC3¡BXiph.Org Foundation¶}µo¥XªºFLAC»POgg Vorbis¡B·L³nªºWMA¡]Windows
Media Audio¡^¡BRealNetworks±À¥XªºLiquid
and Real Audio¥H¤ÎMDT©Ò¬ãµoªºMusepack¡]MPC¡^µ¥³£¬O²{®ÉµÛ¦Wªºµ·½À£ÁY®æ¦¡¡C¦Ó½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸¬°¤F³Õ¨ú°Û¤ù¤½¥qªº«H¥ô¡A¥H¶¶§Q±o¨ìµ¼Ö¤º®eªº±ÂÅv¡A¦]¦¹©Ò±Ä¥ÎªºÀɮ׮榡¥²¶·¨ã³Æ¼Æ¦ìª©ÅvºÞ²z§Þ³N¡A¦]¦¹¥Ø«e¥H·L³nªºWMA®æ¦¡³Ì¨ü¨ì·~ªÌ«C·ý¡C
¸Û¦p¤W±´£¨ìªº¡A¼Æ¦ìµÀɻݤº´O¼Æ¦ìª©ÅvºÞ²z¨t²Î¡]digital rights management, DRM¡^¡A¦¹¨t²Î¤D³z¹LÂê½X¡]encrypt¡^ªº¤è¦¡¦bÀɮפº³¡«Øºc¤@®M»{ÃÒ¾÷¨î¡]licences¡^¡A¥Î·N¦b§ùµ´¥¼¸g±ÂÅv¡]unauthorised¡^ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨ú±o©Î§Q¥Îµ¼ÖÀɮסA¾Ö¦³³o¼h¡u¦A»{ÃÒ¾÷¨î¡vªº«OÅ@¡Aµ¼Ö¤º®e´N¥i¥H¦b¦UÃþ²×ºÝ¸Ë¸m¶¡¶i¦æ¦Xªk¶Ç»¼¡C°ò¥»¤W¡ADRM¥Ø«e¨Ã¨S¦³²Î¤@¡B¼Ð·Ç¤Æªº³W®æ¥X²{¡A©|³B©ó¦Ê®aª§»ïªºª¬ºA¡A¤£¹L¥«³õ¤W¤jP¦³¥|®a¥Dnªº¨t²Î´£¨Ñ°Ó¡A¤À§O¬O·L³n±À¥Xªº¡uPlaysForSure¡v¡BÄ«ªG¹q¸£¬ãµoªº¡uFairPlay¡v¡BSony¡uOpenMagicGate¡v¥H¤ÎReal Networks¬ãµoªº¡uHelix¡v¨t²Î¡A³o¨Ç¶}µo°Ó³q±`¬O±N¨t²Î±ÂÅvµ¹±ý¸gÀç½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸¤§·~ªÌ¡A¦ÓÄ«ªG¹q¸£«h¤£¦P©ó¨ä¥L·~ªÌ¡A¥ḺNDRM§Þ³Nµø¬°°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¤¤«nªº¤@Àô¡A¤£¹ï¥~±ÂÅv¡]Vincent & Vickery, 2004¡^¡C¥i¥H¨£±o¡ADRM¤@¤è±ªýµ´P2P«Dªkµs«þ¦æ¬°ªº«Â¯Ù¡A«O»Ùµ¼ÖµÛ§@¤HÅv§Q¡A¥t¤@¤è±¤]«P¶i°Û¤ù²£·~»P·s¿³¼Æ¦ì¤¤¶¡°Óªº¦X§@¡A¦@¦Pºc¿v°_¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼Öªº°Ó·~¹B§@¼Ò¦¡¡]Schrock, 2004¡^¡C
³z¹LDRMªº«OÅ@¡A½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸±o¥H¸g¥Ñ¦Xªk³~®|³c°â©Î´£¨Ñ¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö°Ó«~¡]¼Æ¦ìµÀÉ¡^¥H¤ÎªA°È¡C¤jÅé¤W¡A½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸ªºÀç§Q¼Ò¦¡¥i¤À¬°¼Æ¦ì¤U¸ü¡]Digital download¡^¡B½u¤W¦ê¬yq¾\¼Ò¦¡¡]Streaming
subscriptions models¡^¡B¥iÄ⦡q¾\¤U¸ü¡]Portable subscription
downloads¡^¡B½u¤W¦ê¬y¼s¼½¡]Streaming radio¡^¥H¤ÎµL¼Æ¦ìª©Åv¨î¤U¸ü¡]DRM free download¡^µ¥¤¤jÃþ¡]Vincent & Vickery, 2004¡^¡A¦UÃþ¼Ò¦¡¤§»¡©ú»P¤ñ¸û¦pªí
ªí2¡G½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸°Ó·~¼Ò¦¡¤§¤ñ¸û
¼Æ¦ì¤U¸ü |
½u¤W¦ê¬yq¾\¼Ò¦¡ |
1.
®ø¶OªÌ¤£¶·Ãº¯Ç©T©w¤ë¶O¡A¦¬¶O¤è¦¡¬O±Ä¨ú³æ¦±p»ù¨î¡]pay per
download¡^¡C 2.
®ø¶OªÌ¤U¸ü¤@º³æ¦±«á§Y¾Ö¦³¸ÓÀɮסA¤£»Ý¦A¤Wºô¶i¦æÅçÃÒ¡C 3.
¬°¤F¨¾¤îÀɮ׳QµL¨î´²§G¡A¦]¦¹®ø¶OªÌ¶È¯à³z¹L©T©w¥x¼Æ¡]³q±`¬O3¥x¡^ªº¹q¸£¸Ë¸m¤U¸üÀɮסC 4.
¤U¸üªºÀɮׯà°÷¥H¦³ªº¦¸¼Æ¶i¦æ¿N¿ý©ÎÂà¦s¨ì¨ä¥L¨ãÀɮ׬ۮe©Êªº¥iÄ⦡¸Ë¸m¤¤¡C |
1.
¬O¤@ºØ¯²¥Î¡]rent¡^µ¼Öªº·§©À¡Aq¤áú¯Ç¤@©T©w¤ë¶O¡]monthly fee¡^«á§Y¥i¤£¨î¦¸¼Æ¥H¦ê¬y§Î¦¡²âÅ¥¸ê®Æ®w¤¤ªº¥ô¦óµ¼ÖÀɮסA®É¶¡«h¥H¤@Ӥ묰¡C 2.
q¤á¨C¦¸¨Ï¥ÎªA°È«e§¡»Ýµn¤J±b¸¹¡B±K½X¡C 3.
q¤á¥²¶·¦bºô¸ô³s½uªºÀô¹Ò¤U¤~¯à¨Ï¥ÎªA°È¡A¦¹¥~¡A¨CÓ¤ë¶È¯à¦b¤@©w¼Æ¶qªº¸Ë¸m¤Wµn¤J¡C 4.
q¤áÁÙ¬O¯à°÷¶i¦æ¡u¦³«e´£ªº³æ¦±¤U¸ü¡v¡A·N§Y¯à°÷¦bÂ÷½uªºª¬ºA¤U¶i¦æ²âÅ¥¡A¦ý¬O¤£¯àÂà¦s¨ì¨ä¥Lªº¸Ë¸m¨Ï¥Î¡A·í¥Î¤á¤¤¤î¥I¶O®É¡AÂ÷½u²âÅ¥ªºÅv¤]ÀH¤§¥¢®Ä¡C |
¥iÄ⦡q¾\¤U¸ü |
½u¤W¦ê¬y¼s¼½ |
1.
¡u½u¤W¦ê¬yq¾\¼Ò¦¡¡vÁöµM´£¨Ñ¥Î¤á¥HÀH¿ï²âÅ¥ªº¤è¦¡¨É¨ü¤j¶qªºµ¼ÖÀɮסA¤£¹L³Ì¤jªº¯ÊÂI´N¬O¤£¯àÀH¨Äâ±aµ¼ÖÀɮסC 2.
¥iÄ⦡q¾\¤U¸üªA°È»P½u¤W¦ê¬yq¾\ªA°È´X¥G§¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡A°ß¤@ªº®t§O¦b©ó«eªÌ¤¹³\q¤á¥H¦æ°Ê¸Ë¸mµL¨î²âÅ¥µ¼Ö¡A¤£¹L¦b»ù®æ¤W¬Û¹ïªº¤]¤ñ¸û©ù¶Q¡C |
³o¶µ¼Ò¦¡·N«ü·~ªÌÅýq¤á¯à°÷¥H½u¤W¦ê¬y¤è¦¡¦¬Å¥¨ì¦UºØÃþ«¬ªº¼s¼½¸`¥Ø¡A³oÃþªA°È³q±`¨ã¦³ªþ±a©Ê½è¡A¤]´N¬O»¡®ø¶OªÌq¾\½u¤Wµ¼Ö¦ê¬yªA°È«á¡A¦P®É¥i¥H¨É¨ü¨ì¼s¼½¸`¥Ø¡C |
µL¼Æ¦ìª©ÅvºÞ²z¨î¤U¸ü |
|
1.
¦¬¶O¤è¦¡¦P¼Ë±Ä³æ¦±p»ù¨î¡A¤£¶·Ãº¯Ç¤ë¶O¡C 2.
®ø¶OªÌ¤U¸üµ¼ÖÀɮ׫á¥i¥HµL¨îÂà¦s¨ìiPod¡]¥]¬A¡^¥H¥~ªº¥ô¦ó¦æ°Ê¸Ë¸m¥H¤Î¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ¹q¸£§@·~³nÅé¡A¥ç¥iµL¨î¿N¿ý¦¨CD©Î§@¬°¨ä¥L¦Xªk¥Î³~¡C 3.
®ø¶OªÌ¥i¥H§C·Gªº»ù®æ±N¤â¤¤¨ü¨ìDRM¨îªºµ¼ÖÀÉ®×Âà´«¦¨µLª©Åv¨îÀɮסC 4.
¥Ø«e¦¹Ãþ«¬ºq¦±ªºÁ`¼Æ¶q¬ù²¤¤Ö©ó¨üDRM¨î¤§µ¼ÖÀɮסA¦]¬°³¡¤À°Û¤ù¤½¥q¨Ã¥¼±ÂÅv¡C 5.
DRM freeªººq¦±¨Ã«D³£¬OMP3®æ¦¡¡]¤U¸ü«á»Ýn¦b¸g¹L¤@¹DÂàÀɪºµ{§Ç¡^¡C 6.
DRM free¤§ºq¦±ÀÉ®×·|¤º´OÓ¤H±b¤á¡B©m¦Wµ¥¬ÛÃö¸ê°Tªº¼Æ¦ì¯B¤ô¦L¡]Digital watermark¡^¡A¥H§ùµ´¥Î¤á«Dªk¶Ç§GÀɮסC |
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¥»¬ã¨s¾ã²z
¡]¤G¡^ °ê¤º¥~½u¤Wµ¼Öµo®i¥v·§z
ÀHµÛ¦UºØÀÉ®×À£ÁY§Þ³Nªº°Ý¥@¥H¤Îºô¸ô°ò¦Àô¹Òªº¤éÁͦ¨¼ô¡A¨Ï±o¤j¶qªº¼Æ¦ìµ¼ÖÀɮׯà¥H§C¦¨¥»¡B°ª³t²vªº§Î¦¡¦bºô¸ôÀô¹Ò¤¤¬y³q´²§G¡A½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤]¦]¦¹¦b¥þ²y¦U¦a§Ö³tªºµo®i¨Ã²Ö¿n¬°¼Æ²³¦hªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¡]²ø¼z©ú¡A2005¡^¡C
¤j¬ù¦b1998¦~¡A¤H̶}©l³z¹Lºô»Úºô¸ô¤U¸üµ¼Ö¡A¨Ã»P¨Ã䪺ªB¤Í¥æ´«©¼¦¹ªºMP3¼Æ¦ìµÀÉ¡]Burke & Montgomery, 2002¡^¡C·í®É´¿¥ô¾©ó¦h®adot.com¥ø·~ªºMichael RobertsonÆ[¹î¨ì³oªÑÀɮץ洫ªºÁͶաA¦]¦¹¦b¸Ó¦~»PGreg
Flores¦@¦P³Ð¥ß¤F¤@®a¦W¬°MP3.comªºµ¼Ö¤U¸üºô¯¸¡A²v¥ý¦bºô¸ô¤W´£¨ÑMP3Àɮ׸ÕÅ¥¥H¤ÎÃÀ¤H±M¿è³c°âµ¥ªA°È¡A¸Óºô¯¸±À¥X«áµL½×¦bª¾¦W«×¡B·|û³W¼Ò¥H¤ÎÀɮ׼ƶqµ¥¤è±ªºÂX±i³£«D±`¨³³t¡A¨ì¤F¦è¤¸2000¦~MP3.com±À¥X¡¨ My.MP3.com¡¨³o¶µ·sªA°È®É¡A¤w²Ö¿n¶W¹L1»õµù¥U·|û¡A¥H¤Î4¸U±iCDªºÀÉ®×®w¦s¡]Wagner,
2004¡^¡C¦¹¥~¡A´N¦bMP3.com³Ð¥ßªº¹j¦~¡AeMusic.com¥H¤ÎSteamwaves¨â®a¬ü°ê·~ªÌ¤]¸ò¶i±À¥XÃþ¦üªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¡A¦Û¦¹¤§«á¼Ú¬ü¦a°Ï²³¦h·~ªÌ³°Äò§ë¤J³oªÑ½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°Èªº·¼é¡]¤ý¥ß¤å¡A2004¡F¦¿ªF«Û¡A2005¡^¡C
®É¦Ü1999¦~¡A¬ü°êªi¤h¹yªF¥_¤j¾Ç¾Ç¥ÍShawn Fanning¦¨¥\¶}µo¤F¤@®M¦W¬°NapsterªºP2P³nÅé¡A¨Ã³Ð³]¦P¦Wºô¯¸¡A¸Óºô¯¸¦¨¥ß¤£¨ì¨â¦~´N²Ö¿n¶W¹L7000¸U¥Î¤á¡A¦b¥þ²y±È°_¥t¤@ªi³W¼Ò§ó¤jªº¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö¥æ´«·¼é¡CNapster»PP2PÀɮץ洫¡]file
swapping¡^ªº²±¦æ¨³³t¨ú¥NMP3.comq¾\ªA°È¡]subscription¡^ªº¥«³õ¦a¦ì¡]Hines & Borland, 2004¡^¡A°Û¤ù¤½¥q¦¹®ÉÂà¦Ó±NµJÂI«ü¦VNapster¡A¥LÌ°íºÙ¸ÓÃþ«¬ºô¯¸ªºÀç§Q¼Ò¦¡«I¥ÇµÛ§@Åvªk¡A¨Ã¦M®`¨ì¥LÌ즳ªº§Q¯q¡A¦]¦¹¬ü°ê°Û¤ù·~¨ó·|¡]Recording Industry Association of
America¡A²ºÙRIAA¡^ÀH§Y©ó1999¦~12¤ë¹ïNapster´£°_«I¥ÇµÛ§@Åv¶D³^¡Aªk°|³Ì²×§P¨Mµ²ªG¬°Napster±Ñ¶D¡ANapster¤]³Q¢©ó2001¦~7¤ë¥þ±²×¤î¨äºô¯¸ªA°È¡]§d©¾¿«¡A2007¡^¡C
¤£¹L¡ANapsterªº±Ñ¶D»P·²·~¥¼¯à¦³®Ä¹K¤î¼Æ¦ìµ¼ÖÀɮפÀ¨É¦æ¬°¦b¥þ²y¦U¦aªº½´«kµo®i¡A½Ñ¦p¿D¬wKazaa¡B¬ü°êGnutella¡BMorpheus¤ÎGrokster¡B¤é¥»MMO¡B«nÁúSoribada¡A¥H¤Î¥xÆWKURO»PezPeerµ¥¦U°êª¾¦WP2P¥¥x¤£Â_ªº¥X²{¡A¨ÃÀò±oÃe¤j¨Ï¥ÎªÌªº¤ä«ù¡]ªòã¼z¡A2006¡F¸§Ó¨}¡A2005¡FJeremy,
2006¡^¡C
¦Ó¥H°Û¤ù¤½¥q¬°ºªºµÛ§@Åv¤H¹ÎÅé¡A±¹ï¤j¶q¥¼±ÂÅvµ¼ÖÀɮצbP2P¥¥x¤W¶i¦æµL¨îªº½Æ»s¥H¤Î¥æ´«¡A°£¤F¿n·¥±Ä¨úªk«ß¦æ°Ê¥H®Â½Ã´¼°]Åv¯q¥~¡A¤]Åé»{¨ìµ¼Öªº³c°â¦b¥¼¨Ó¶Õ¥²ÁÚ¦V½u¤W³q¸ô¡A¦]¦¹¶}©lµÛ¤â±N¸gÀçIJ¨¤©µ¦ù¦Üºô¸ô½dÃ¥¡A¦p«Â±æ}Àô²y¶°¹Î¡]Vivendi Universal¡^©ó2001¦~¶R¤UMP3.com¡]Pellegrini & Taylor, 2001¡^¡A¨Ã»P·s¤O¶°¹Î¡]Sony music entertainment¡^¥H¦X¸ê§Î¦¡³Ð¥ß¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸¡¨
Pressplay¡¨¡A¨ÃÀò±o¬ìÃÀ¦Ê¥N¡]EMI¡^ªºµ¼Ö±ÂÅv¡C¦P¦~¡A³Õ¼w°Ò¡]Bertelsmann AG¡^¡B¬ü°ê½u¤W®É¥NµØ¯Ç¡]AOL TimeWarner¡^¡B¬ìÃÀ¦Ê¥N¤T¤jµ¼Ö¶°¹Î¤]¿n·¥»P³nÅé·~ªÌReal Networks¦X§@¦¨¥ß¡¨ MusicNet¡¨ºô¯¸¡A´£¨Ñq¾\¦¡ªA°È¡]TimeWarner©xºô·s»D«Ç, 2001¡^¡C¾¨ºÞ¦p¦¹¡APressplay»PMusicNetÁÙ¬OµLªk«Ø¥ß°_¦¨¥\ªº½u¤W³c°â¼Ò¦¡¡C
½u¤Wµ¼Ö²V¶Ãªºµo®i¹Lµ{¤@ª½¨ì2003¦~²×©óÅS¥X¤@½uÀÆ¥ú¡CÄ«ªG¹q¸£°õ¦æªøSteve Jobs»P·í®Éªº¥þ²y¤¤j°Û¤ù¶°¹Î¹F¦¨°Û¤ù±ÂÅv¨óij¡A¨Ã©ó¦P¦~
Napsterªº¨³³t±U°_¨ÏP2P·¼é¥Ñ¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¶}©lÂX´²¦Ü¥þ²y¦U¦a¡A¦ÓKuro¡]¸¦æºô¡^¥H¤ÎezPeer¡]¥þ²y¼Æ½X¬ì§Þ¡^¨â¤j¥xÆW¦a°ÏP2P¥¥x¤]¦b³oªÑ¼Æ¦ìµ¼Öµo®iªº¼ö®ö¤UÀ³¹B¦Ó¥Í¡C
¸¦æºô©ó1996¦~³Ð¥ß¡A¨Ã©ó1997¦~±À¥X¨È¬w¦a°Ï²Ä¤@®aCDÁʪ«ºô¯¸¡A¬°¥xÆW¦a°Ï¼Æ¦ì®T¼ÖªA°Èªº¥ýÅX·~ªÌ¡A2000¦~¦Û¦æ¬ãµo¥X¦W¬°KuroªºP2P³nÅé¡A¨Ã¶}³]µ¼Öºô¯¸¡uKuro¡v¡A´£¨Ñ½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥æ´«ªA°È¡A®ø¶OªÌ¥u¶·¥[¤J·|û¨Ãú¯Ç¨C¤ë99¤¸ªº¶O¥Î¡]©Î¥b¦~500¤¸¡^¡A§Y¥i§Q¥Î¸¦æºô¦Û¦æ¶}µoªº³nÅé¡uKuro¡v¶i¦æµ¼ÖÀɮתº·j´M¤Î¤U¸ü¡CKuroªº¥I¶O·|û¼Æ©ó2002¦~¨³³t²Ö¿n¦Ü30¸U¤H¦¸¡A¹j¦~§ó¼É¼W¦Ü50¸U¡A¦ôp¨C¤ëÀ禬¥i¹F2000¸U¥x¹ô¡C2003¦~12¤ë¡A°Û¤ù¤½¥q©e°U°ê»Ú°Û¤ù·~¥æ¬y°òª÷·|(IFPI)¹ïKuro´£¥X«I®`µÛ§@Åv¶D³^¡A¥x¥_¦a¤èªk°|«h©ó
¦Ó¦¨¥ß©ó2000¦~ªº¥þ²y¼Æ½X¬ì§Þ©ó2001¦~±À¥X¦W¬°¡uezPeer¡vªºµ¼Öºô¯¸¡A»PKuro¤§Àç¹B¼Ò¦¡¬Û¦P¡A¥[¤JezPeerªº·|û¥u¶·¤ëú100¤¸§Y¥i³z¹LP2P³nÅé±q¨Æ¥]¬Aµ¼Ö¡B¹q¼v¡BMV¡B¹Ï¤ùµ¥¦b¤º¦UÃþ«¬Àɮתº¥æ´«¦æ¬°¡A¦]¦¹·|û¼Æ¤]¨³³t²Ö¿n¦Ü30¸U¡CIFPI«h¬O¦b
¥¿·íP2P¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡½´«kµo®i¤§»Ú¡A¥xÆW¦a°Ï¦Xªk±ÂÅv¤§½u¤Wµ¼Öºô¯¸ªºµo®i¤]¦P¨B¶i¦æ¤¤¡C2003¦~11¤ë¡A¥Ñ¦~¥N¶°¹ÎÂà§ë¸êªº¦ã¤ñ¯÷®T¼Ö¬ì§ÞªÑ¥÷¦³¤½¥q±À¥XiMmusic½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡A¦Û2004¦~3¤ë¶}©l¥¿¦¡Àç¹B¡A¬°°ê¤ºº®a±À¥X¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°Èªº¥ø·~¡CiMmusic±Ä³æ¦±¤U¸üp¶Oªº¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡¡A¦P®É¤]¯à°÷¥Hú¯Ç¦~¶Oªº§Î¦¡¥I¶O¤U¸ü¡A°ß¨Cº³æ¦±¥§¡¦¬¶O°ª¹F30¦Ü50¤¸¥x¹ô¡A¬Û¹ï©óP2Pºô¯¸«K©y¤S¤j¸Jªº¤ëú¨î¶WÈ»ù¡A¨Ï±o®ø¶OªÌ¥I¶O¤U¸ü·NÄ@¤£°ª¡A¦A¥[¤W¦ã¤ñ¯÷¨C¦~¶·¤ä¥I°Û¤ù¤½¥q°ªÃBªºª©Åv¹w¥Iª÷¡A¤J¤£¼Å¥Xªº±¡ªp¤U¡AiMmusic©ó
©úùÖ¹q³q¡]BENQ¡^°lÀH¦ã¤ñ¯÷ªº¸}¨B¡A¤]©ó2004¦~3¤ë±À¥X½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡uQBand¡v¶ß¼Öºô¡AQBandªº¸gÀç§Î¦¡»PiMmusicÃþ¦ü¡A¦P¼Ë¥H³c°â³æ¦±§@¬°¥DnÀç§Q¤è¦¡¡A¨Cºµ¼Ö³æ¦±¬ù¥x¹ô7¦Ü30¤¸¤£µ¥¡A¸û¨ã®t²§ªº³¡¤À¦b©ó©úùÖ¬O±Ä¨ú³nÅé·f°tµwÅ骺§Î¦¡¡A±À¥X¦Û®aMP3 player«~µPJoybee¨t¦C¦æ°Ê¼½©ñ¾¹¡A§Æ±æ¯à°÷½Æ»siTunes»PiPod³nµw¾ã¦Xªº¦¨¥\¼Ò¦¡¡A¤£¹L¨ü¨ì¥xÆW¥Á²³¹ï³æ¦±¤U¸üªº±µ¨ü«×¤£°ª¡B¦P®É±Á{P2P·~ªÌ¤£¹ïµ¥ªºÄvª§¥H¤Î¥D¬yµ¼Ö¤º®eµu¯Êµ¥¦]¯À¡A¨Ï±oQBand³Ì²×¦b
Ä@¹Òºô°T¡]sky soft¡^«h©ó2004年6¤ë±À¥X¦W¬°KKBOXªºµ¼ÖÂsÄý¾¹¡A¤W½uªì´Á¥H§K¶Oªº§Î¦¡§l¤Þ®ø¶OªÌ¸Õ¥Î¡Aµuµu20¤Ñ¤º§Y¹F¨ì20¸U¥Î¤á¡B1500¸UÂI¼½¦¸¼ÆªºÅå¤H®ÄÀ³¡A¨Ã©ó¦P¦~10¤ë8¤éµ²¦X¤¤µØ¹q«HHinet¤pÃB¥I¶O¾÷¨î¡A±À¥X½u¤Wµ¼ÖÁp¦W«~µP¡uHinet KKBOX¡v¡A¸ÓªA°È±Ä¤ë¶O¨î¼Ò¦¡¹B§@¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¤ë¥I149¤¸§Y¥i不¦¸數¥H串流¡]Streaming¡^¤è¦¡聆Å¥µ樂¡]§õ鳫šA2005¡^¡C¬Û¸û©ó³æ¦±¤U¸üªº¡u¾Ö¦³Åv¡v¼Ò¦¡¡AKKBOX±Ä¨ú½u¤W串流ªº¡u¯²¥ÎÅv¡v·§念¨Ï¨ä»Ý¤ä¥Iªº±ÂÅv金降§C³\¦h¡A¦b»P°Û¤ù¤½¥qªºÀ禬©î¤À¤ñ¥H¤Îºq¦±ªºq»ù¤W¡A¥ç«O¦³¸û¤jªºªÅ¶¡¡]³\±R¶²¡A2005¡^¡C
¦ÓÀHªÌKuro»PezPeer¦b2006¦~»P°Û¤ù·~ªÌ¹F¦¨©M¸Ñ¨óij¨ÃÂ૬¬°¦Xªk±ÂÅvªº¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡¡A¨Ï¥xÆW½u¤Wµ¼Öªºµo®i³v¨BÁÚ¦Véw»P¦¨¼ô¡A¦]¦¹2006¦~³ôºÙ¥xÆW¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼Öªº°Ó¾÷¤¸¦~¡]¤ý¾åª³¡A2006¡^¡C¦Û¦¹¤§«á¡A¨Ó¦Û¦UÓ»â°ìªºª¾¦W·~ªÌ¯É¯É¸ó¨¬¸gÀç½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡A½Ñ¦pºô¸ô¥¨¤HYahoo¡I©_¼¯©ó¦P¦~3¤ë©Ò±À¥XªºYahoo!©_¼¯µ¼Ö³qªA°È¡A¹q«H¤T¶¯¤§¤@ªº»·¶Ç¹q«H«h©ó2007¦~11¤ëº¦¸¸ó¤Jºô»Úºô¸ô¥«³õ´£¨Ñ¹q¸£¦ê¬y½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¡Ð¡u»·¶ÇÂI°Û¾÷¡v¡AISP³¡¤À°£¤F¯Ñ¯Ð½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¤w¤[ªº¤¤µØ¹q«H¥~¡ASeednet¤]¦b2007¦~©³³Ð¥ß¡uStarMusic¬P¥úµ¼Öºô¡v¡A¥¿¦¡§ë¨¥xÆW½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ¡]Starmusic¡A2007¡F¶¾´º«C¡A2007¡^¡C
ªí3¡G°ê¤º¥~½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤j¨Æ¬ö
¦~¥N |
¤é´Á |
°ê¥~¨Æ¥ó |
°ê¤º¨Æ¥ó |
1987 |
|
MP3À£ÁY®æ¦¡°Ý¥@ |
|
1996 |
|
|
¸¦æºô³Ð¥ß |
1998 |
|
µ¼Öºô¯¸MP3.com¶}©l´£¨ÑªA°È |
|
1999 |
1¤ë |
Shawn
Fanning¶}µo¥XNapster³nÅé |
|
|
|
µ¼Öºô¯¸eMusic.com¡BSteamwaves±À¥XªA°È |
|
|
5¤ë |
Napsterºô¯¸¦¨¥ß |
|
|
|
RIAA±±§iNapster |
|
2001 |
4¤ë |
|
Ãzµo¦¨¥\¤j¾ÇMP3¨Æ¥ó |
|
7¤ë |
Napster¼È°±ªA°È |
|
2002 |
|
|
|
|
|
¤é¥»ª¾¦WP2P¥¥xMMO³Q±±«IÅv¨Ã°±¤îªA°È |
|
|
¦~¤¤ |
¤é¥»ª¾¦WP2P³nÅéWinny°Ý¥@ |
|
|
|
|
IFPI¹ïezPeer´£¥X«IÅv§i¶D |
2003 |
|
Ä«ªG¹q¸£±À¥X¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡uiTunes Music Store¡v |
|
|
8¤ë |
|
IFPI¹ïKuro´£¥X«IÅv§i¶D |
2004 |
6¤ë |
|
KKBOXµ¼Ö¥¥x¶}¯¸ |
2005 |
|
|
¥xÆWº®a¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¦ã¤ñ¯÷¡]IMmusic¡^°±¤îªA°È |
|
|
¬ü³Ì°ªªk°|§P¨M¬ü°êP2P·~ªÌGrokster±Ñ¶D |
|
|
|
|
¥x¥_¦a°|¤@¼f«Å§PezPeerµL¸o |
|
|
¿D¬wÁp¨¹ªk°|©ó¤@¼f§P¨MKazaa±Ñ¶D |
|
|
|
|
¥x¥_¦a°|¤@¼f«Å§PKuro«IÅv¡A¸¦æºô³Q§P±Ñ¶D |
|
|
P2Pºô¯¸Grokster³Q¢Ãö³¬¨Ã°±¤î´£¨Ñ¦@¨ÉÀɮפU¸üªºªA°È¡C |
|
2006 |
|
|
QBand°h¥X¥xÆW½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ |
|
|
|
Yahoo¡I©_¼¯±À¥X¡uµ¼Ö³q¡vªA°È |
|
7¤ë |
Kazaa°±¤îªA°È§P½ß1»õ1¤d500¸U¬ü¤¸ |
|
|
|
|
¹FÀM¼Æ¦ì¦¨¬°¥xÆWº®a¦XªkP2P½u¤Wµ¼Ö·~ªÌ¨Ã±À¥X¡uezPeer+¡vªA°È¥¥x |
|
|
P2P·~ªÌeDonkey»P·~ªÌ¹F¦¨©M¸Ñ |
|
|
|
|
Kuro»PIFPI¹F¦¨©M¸Ñ |
2007 |
3¤ë |
Apple
iTunes Store¶W¶VAmazon.com»P¹s°â°ÓTargetÅD¤É¬°¥þ¬ü²Ä¤T¤jµ¼Ö¹s°â°Ó |
Yahoo¡I©_¼¯°h¥X½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ KKBOX¶i¾nYahoo¡I©_¼¯µ¼ÖÀW¹D |
|
11¤ë |
|
»·¶Ç¹q«H¸ó¨¬¸gÀç¦W¬°¡u»·¶ÇÂI°Û¾÷¡vªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È |
|
|
|
Hinet»PAvex«Å§G¥HÂù«~µP§Î¦¡±À¥X½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È«~µPmu-mo |
|
12¤ë |
|
ISP·~ªÌSeednet ±À¥X¡uStarMusic¬P¥úµ¼Öºô¡v |
2008 |
2¤ë |
iTunes¤@Á|¶W¶V¹q¾¹¹s°â°ÓBest Buy¥H¤ÎWal-Mart¦¨¬°¬ü°ê³Ì¤jµ¼Ö¹s°â°Ó |
|
|
3¤ë |
|
¿W¥ßµ¼Ö¤U¸üºô¯¸¡uiNDIEVOX¡v¶}©l¹B§@ |
|
|
iTunes³æ¦±¾P°â¶q¹F¨ì50»õº |
|
|
|
|
¥Ñ¶øº¸¸ê°T«Øºc¤§¡uINmusic¡v½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥¥x¤W½u |
|
8¤ë |
Google±À¥XªºMusic Oneboxµ¼Ö·j´MªA°È»P¤¤°ê¥¨ÄHµ¼Öºô¡]Top100¡^¦X§@ |
|
2009 |
1¤ë |
iTunes³æ¦±¾P°â¶q¹F¨ì60»õº |
|
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¥»¬ã¨s¾ã²z
¤G¡B
½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ²{ªp
¡]¤@¡^¹q¤l°Ó°È¥«³õ»P½u¤W®T¼Ö®ø¶O¥«³õ²{ªp
®Ú¾ÚPoint Topic¤½§Gªº³Ì·s¥þ²y¼eÀW²ÎpªA°È¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¡AºI¦Ü2008¦~²Ä¤T©u¬°¤î¡A¥þ²y©T©w¼eÀW¤Wºô¥Î¤áÁ`¼Æ¤w¬ð¯}4»õ¤jÃö¡A¹w¦ô2013¦~±N¼W¥[¦Ü6»õ8,300¸U¤á¡A¦~¥§¡¦¨ªø²v¬ù¬°10.8%¡]¸g«Ø·|¡A2009¡^¡C¥_¬ü¦a°Ïªº¼eÀW¨Ï¥Î¤H¤f¦Û2001¦~¥H¨Ó³v¦~¼W¥[¡A¹w¦ô¦Ü2010¦~®É¡A¬ü°ê¼eÀW¤Wºô¤H¤f±N¹F¨ì7340¸U¡A¥[®³¤j¥ç¹w´Á·|¦¨ªø¦Ü1100¸U¤H¡]©P¾ðªL¡B¼B·¡¼z¡A
¥xÆW³¡¤À¡A¥Ñ¥xÆWºô¸ô¸ê°T¤¤¤ß¡]TWNIC¡^©ó2009¦~2¤ë©Ò¤½§Gªº¡u¥xÆW¼eÀWºô¸ô¨Ï¥Î½Õ¬d¡v³ø§i¤¤´£¨ì¡AºI¦Ü
ªñ¦~¨Ó¡A¥þ²y¹q¤l°Ó°È¤§¥æ©ö¶q§e²{°ª³t¦¨ªø¡A¤w¦¨¬°¦UÃþ²£·~§L®a¥²ª§¤§¦a¡A¦P®É¡A®ø¶OªÌ°Ñ»P¹q¤l°Ó°Èªº¦æ¬°¤]«ùÄòªº¼W¥[¡C¥«½Õ¾÷ºccomScore²Îp¡A¥þ¬ü¹q¤l°Ó°È¥«³õ¦b2002¦~ªº¾P°âÃB¬°420»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¨ì¤F2007¦~«hÃk¤É¦Ü1230»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¦~¦¨ªø²v¬°21%¡A¤]´N¬O»¡¥þ¬ü¹q¤l°Ó°È¨C¦~³£§e²{¨â¦ì¼Æ¦rªº¦¨ªø²v¡A¦Ó¥t¤@¶µ®Ú¾Ú¬ü°ê°Ó°È³¡ªº½Õ¬d¸ê®Æ«hÅã¥Ü¡A2008¦~¥þ¬ü¹s°â¹q¤l°Ó°È¾P°âÃB¹F¨ì1336»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¸û2007¦~¦¨ªø4.6%¡A¤@¯ë¹w®Æ2009¦~¥H«á¡AÀHµÛ¥þ²y©Êª÷¿Ä·¼Éªº¼vÅT¡A±N±a¨Ó§ó¦hªº·s¶i¤JªÌ³z¹Lºô¸ôºÞ¹D¾P°â¡A¦]¦¹¡AeMarketer¤]¹w¦ô2010¦~¬ü°ê¹q¤l°Ó°Èªº¾P°âÃBÁÙ¬O·|°f¶Õ¦¨ªø9.8%¡A¾P°âÃB¹F1461»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¨ì¤F2012¦~®É¡A¾P°âÃB¥i±æ¨Ó¨ì1845»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¦¨ªø²v¹F11.4%¡]¬ì§Þ²£·~¸ê°T«Ç¡A2009¡^¡C
¥xÆW³¡¥÷¡A®Ú¾Ú¸êµ¦·|»Pºô¸ôªA°È·~ªÌHinet¡BYahoo¡I©_¼¯¡BPchome¡B¿»Á¦ÃûPµL¦W¤p¯¸©ó2006¦~¦@¦P¶i¦æªººô¸ô®ø¶O¦æ¬°½Õ¬dÅã¥Ü¡A2006¦~¥xÆW¦a°Ï¹q¤l°Ó°È¥«³õ³W¼Ò¬ù¹F1452»õ¤¸¡A¨ä¤¤ºô¸ôÁʪ«¥«³õ³W¼Ò¬°935»õ¤¸¡Aºô¸ô©ç½æ¤§¥«³õ³W¼Ò«h¬ù517»õ¤¸¡Aȱoª`·Nªº¬O¡Aºô¸ôÁʪ«³q¸ô¡]84¢H¡^¦W¦C2006¦~¥Á²³³Ì±`«ô³X¤§¹s°â³q¸ô²Ä¥|¦ì¡A¶W¶V±Æ¦W²Ä¤¦ìªº¡u¹êÅé¡v¦Ê³f·~¡]82.3¢H¡^¡]©P¤åë¡A2007¡^¡C¸êµ¦·|MICªí¥Ü¡AÁöµMª÷¿Ä·¼É©ó2008¦~®u±²¥þ²y¨Ã«³Ð¹s°â³q¸ô¶R®ð¡A¦ý¹q¤l°Ó°È¤´¬O°f¶Õ°ª«×¦¨ªø¡A2008¦~¥xÆW¹q¤l°Ó°Èªº¥«³õ³W¼Ò¹F¨ì·s¥x¹ô2,430»õ¤¸¡A¸û2007¦~¦P´Á¦¨ªø32¢H¡A©ñ²´2009¦~¤´¹w´Á¦³31¢Hªº¦¨ªø¡A¥i±æ¬ð¯}3000»õ¡A¹F¨ì3,208»õªº³W¼Ò¡]¦ó^Þm¡A2008¡^¡A°ê¤º¥~¦U¶µ¼Æ¾Ú¦b¦bÅã¥Ü¡Aªñ¦~¨Ó®ø¶OªÌ³z¹LµêÀÀ³q¸ô¶i¦æ®ø¶O¦æ¬°¤§²ßºD¤wµM¾i¦¨¡C
¥t¤@¤è±¡AÀHµÛ¥Á²³³vº¥²ßºDµêÀÀ®ø¶Oªº¼Ò¦¡¡A¾ÉPªñ¨Ó¥þ²y½u¤W®T¼Ö¤º®e¥«³õªº®ø¶OÁ`ÃB¤]§Ö³t¼W¥[¡C¸êµ¦·|¦b2007¦~11¤ë©Ò¤½§Gªº¬ã¨s½Õ¬dÅã¥Ü¡A2010¦~¥þ²y½u¤W®T¼Ö¥«³õ³W¼Ò±N¹F¨ì264»õ¬ü¤¸¡A½u¤W¹CÀ¸¥H¤Î½u¤Wµ¼Ö¨âÓ¶µ¥Ø¦U¦û¤F94»õ¬ü¤¸¡B½u¤W¼vµø¦û74»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¨ä¤¤½u¤Wµ¼Ö³Q¹w¦ô±N¦³³Ì¤jªº¦¨ªø´T«×¡]©P¾ðªL¡B¼B·¡¼z¡A
¦Ó±qÓ§O°Ï°ì¨ÓÆ[¹î¡A2007¦~¥_¬ü¦a°Ï¨Ï¥Î²v³Ì°ªªº½u¤W®T¼ÖªA°È¬°½u¤W¹CÀ¸¡A¨Ï¥Î²v¸û2006¦~¡]¬ù40¢H¡^¤j´TÃk¤É¡A¹Gªñ¤¦¨¡A¦Ó¨ä¾lªº½u¤W®T¼ÖªA°È¨Ì¨Ï¥Î¤ñ¨Ò°ª§C¨Ì§Ç¬°½u¤W¼s¼½¡]23¢H¡^¡B½u¤W¼vµø¡]18¢H¡^¡B¥H¤Î½u¤Wµ¼Ö¡]11¢H¡^¡C¼Ú¬w¦a°Ïºô¤Íªº¨Ï¥Î±¡§Î»P¥_¬üºô¤Í¬Û¸û¤U¦³ÅãµÛ®t²§¡A½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¬°¤ñ¨Ò³Ì°ª¤§½u¤W®T¼ÖªA°È¡A¥]¬A¦è¯Z¤ú¡B²üÄõ¡B·ç¨å¡BªiÄõµ¥°ê§¡¦³¶W¹L¥|¦¨ªº¨Ï¥Î²v¡A¨ä¥Lºô¸ô®T¼ÖªA°È¤§¨Ï¥Î²v¨Ì§Ç¬°½u¤W¼s¼½¡B¹CÀ¸¡Aȱoª`·Nªº¬O½u¤W¼vµøªº¨Ï¥Î²v°¾§C¡A¾ãÅé¦Ó¨¥¡Aºô¸ô®T¼Ö²£·~¤§µo®i³t«×¥H¦è¡B¥_¼Ú³Ì§Ö¡A«n¼Ú¦a°Ï¦¸¤§¡AªF¼Ú³¡¤À«h©~¥½¦ì¡]Forrester, 2006¡^¡C
¹Ï1¬ü°ê³sºô®a®x±q¨Æªº½u¤W¬¡°Ê
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GForrester¡A¸êµ¦·|¾ã²z¡A2007¦~8¤ë
¹Ï2¡G¼Ú¬w¼eÀW¨Ï¥ÎªÌ±q¨Æ¤§½u¤W®T¼Ö¬¡°Ê
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¸êµ¦·|¡A2007¡A¥»¬ã¨s«Ã¸
¦Ó¥xÆW¥«³õ³¡¥÷¡A¥Ñ©ó·s²£«~¤£Â_±À¥X¡B¦¬¶O¼Ò¦¡ªº½T¥ß¥H¤Î·s¾P°â¼Ò¦¡ªº¶}©Ýµ¥¦]¯À¼vÅT¤U¡A¹w¦ô½u¤W¹CÀ¸¡B½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥H¤Î½u¤W¼vµ¤T¶µ±N¦³¤£¿ùªºªí²{¡]¼B·¡¼z¡A2007¡^¡C¦Ó¥xÆWºô¥Á³Ì±`¨Ï¥Îªººô¸ô®T¼ÖªA°È¡A¾ÚMIC©ó2008¦~ªº½Õ¬dµ²ªGµo²{¡u½u¤W¼vµø¡v¥H 70.4%ªº¨Ï¥Î²v©Þ±oÀYÄw¡A¨ä¦¸¬°ºô¸ô¬Ûï¡]68.7%¡^¡B³¡¸¨®æ¡]63.9%¡^¡B½u¤W¹CÀ¸¡]61.6%¡^¥H¤Î½u¤Wµ¼Ö¡]52.5%¡^¡AY¶i¤@¨B±´¨s¥xÆWºô¥Á¹ï½u¤W¼vµ®T¼ÖªA°Èªº¥I¶O·NÄ@¡A«hµo²{¦³45.7%ºô¤ÍÄ@·NÁʶR½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¡A©Ò¦û¤ñ¨Ò³Ì°ª¡C
¡]¤G¡^°ê¤º¥~½u¤Wµ¼Ö²£·~µo®i²{ªp
ªñ´X¦~¨Ó¥þ²y¶Ç²Î°Û¤ù¥«³õ«ùÄò§e²{§C°gªºª¬ºA¡A®Ú¾ÚRIAA¦b2004²Îp¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¦Û1999¦~°_¬ü°ê°Û¤ù¾P¶q¨C¦~«×³£§e²{t¦¨ªø¡A¦Ó¥xÆW¦a°Ï®Ú¾ÚIFPI¤Q¤G¦~¨Óªºªº²Îp¼Æ¦r¡]¦pªí4©Ò¥Ü¡^¡A1997¦~¹êÅé°Û¤ù¾P°âÁ`ª÷ÃB¬ù¹F¨ì123»õ¥x¹ô¡]¬ù°â¥X4760¸U±i±M¿è¡^¡A¸û½Ñ1996¦~ªº²£ÈÁÙ¦³8%ªº¦~¦¨ªø²v¡A¦ý¦Û¦¹¤§«á³v¦~¬Ò§e²{t¦¨ªøÁͶաA2008¦~¾P°âÁ`ÃB°I°h¨ì¶È³Ñ¬ù15»õ¥x¹ô¡]¬ù°â¥X515¸U±i±M¿è¡^¡A©|¤£¤Î1997¦~¾P°âÃBªº¤K¤À¤§¤@¡]¥xÆWIFPI©xºô¡A2009¡^¡CIFPI«ü¥X¶Ç²Î°Û¤ù·~ªº¸gÀç´ºªpÁÚ¤JÄY¥V¡A¥Dn¬O¨ü¨ì½u¤Wµ¼Öªº½´«kµo®i¡Bµsª©CD¡B«DªkMP3¤U¸üºô¯¸¥H¤ÎP2P¤À¨É³nÅ骺²s¼û©Ò¾ÉP¡]§õ·çÙy¡A2007¡^¡C
ªí4¡G¥xÆW¦a°Ï¹êÅ饿ª©°Û¤ù¾P°â²Îp
¦~«× |
¾P°âª÷ÃB¡]¦Ê¸U¡^ |
¦~¦¨ªø²v |
¾P°â¼Æ¶q¡]¦Ê¸U¡^ |
¦~¦¨ªø²v |
1997 |
12,332.3 |
8% |
47.6 |
1% |
1998 |
10,688.0 |
-13% |
39.6 |
-17% |
1999 |
9,886.7 |
-7% |
35.1 |
-12% |
2000 |
7,493.7 |
-24% |
26.8 |
-24% |
2001 |
5,775.7 |
-32% |
18.3 |
-23% |
2002 |
4,977.7 |
-7% |
17.0 |
-14% |
2003 |
4,487.1 |
-10% |
15.3 |
-10% |
2004 |
4,455.1 |
-1% |
15.0 |
-2% |
2005 |
3,208.7 |
-28% |
10.9 |
-28% |
2006 |
2,126.6 |
-34% |
7.0 |
-36% |
2007 |
1,962.0 |
-8% |
6.6 |
-7% |
2008 |
1,513.8 |
-3% |
5.4 |
-2% |
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GIFPI¡]2009¡^
¬Û¹ï©ó¥«³õ¤£Â_µäÁYªº¶Ç²Î°Û¤ù·~¡A½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ«h¥H¸§Öªº³t«×¦¨ªø¤¤¡C¥«³õ½Õ¬d¤½¥qeMarketer©Ò¤½¥¬ªº¼Æ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¡A2005¦~¥þ¬ü½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õ³W¼Ò¹F¨ì11»õ¬ü¤¸¡A¦Ó2006¦~«h¤j´T¦¨ªø¬°19»õ2¤d4¦Ê¸U¬ü¤¸¡A¦~¦¨ªø²v°ª¹F74¢H¡A¸Ó¾÷ºc¥ç¹w´ú¡A¦Ü2010¦~®É¡A¥þ¬ü½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õ³W¼Ò±N¹F¨ì49»õ5¤d¸U¬ü¤¸¡]®]ÂE·~¡A2007¡^¡C
®Ú¾ÚIFPI¦b2006¦~1¤ë¤½§Gªº2006¦~¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö³ø§i¤¤«ü¥X¡A¾ãÅéµ¼Ö¥«³õ©ó2005¦~¥þ²y¦@¦³4»õ2¤dººq¦±±qºô¸ô¤W³Q¤U¸ü¡A¬°¨â¦~«eªº20¿¡A¦Ó¨ä¤¤°Û¤ù¤½¥q©Ò±ÂÅvªººq¦±¼Æ¶q¦¨ªø¨â¿¡A¹F200¦h¸Uººq¡A½u¤Wµ¼Ö¦b2004¦~®É¨Ã¥¼´À°Û¤ù¤½¥q±a¨ÓÀ禬¡AµM¦Ó2005¦~½u¤Wµ¼Ö©Ò±a¨ÓªºÀ禬¤w¥e°Û¤ù¤½¥qÀç·~ÃBªº6%¡]IFPI¡A2006¡^¡C
¦P®É®Ú¾ÚNielsen
SoundScan¤½§Gªº¸ê®ÆÅã¥Ü¡A¨ì2007¦~5¤ë¬°¤î¥þ²y¥u¾P°â2.12»õ±i±M¿è¡A¤ñ°_¥h¦~¦P®É¤U°¤F16%¡A¦ý¬O¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö¡BCDµ¥µ¼Ö¾P°âÁ`ÃB«o¤ñ°_¥h¦~¦P®É¤W¤É¤F14%¡A¥i¨£¹êÅéCD¾P°â«ùÄò¤U·Æ¡A¦Ó¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö«o§Ö³t¤W¤Éªº¨Æ¹ê¡]¬ì§Þ¬Fµ¦¬ã¨s»P¸ê°T¤¤¤ß¡A2007¡^¡C
®Ú¾ÚArs Technica¤ÞzNPD Group©ó2008¦~1¤ë½Õ¬dµ²ªGÅã¥Ü¡AÄ«ªGiTunesµ¼Ö°Ó©±¦b¬ü°êµ¼Ö¹s°â¥«³õÀò±o19%ªº¥«³õ¦û¦³²v¡A²Ä¤G¦W¤~¬O2007¦~¹êÅé©Mºô¸ô³q¸ô°Ó©±ªºÀsÀYWal-Mart¡A¨ä¥«³õ¦û¦³²v¶^¦Ü15%¡FBest Buy¦W¦C²Ä¤T¡A¥«³õ¦û¦³²v¬°13%¡F¨È°¨»¹±Æ¦W²Ä¥|¦ì¡A¤£¹L»P«e¤T¦W¦Ü¤Ö³£¦³10%¥H¤Wªº¥«³õ¦û¦³²v¨Ó¤ÀªR¡A¨È°¨»¹©úÅã®t¶Z¸û¤j¡A¥«³õ¦û¦³²v¶È¬°6%¡C Target¦P¼Ë¬O±Æ¦W²Ä¥|¡A¥«³õ¦û¦³²v¤]¬°6%¡C
¹Ï3¡G¬ü°êµ¼Ö¹s°â°Ó±Æ¦W
¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GNPD Group¡]2008¡^
¦¹¥~¡A¦b¼Æ¦ì¤ÆÁͶձa°Ê¤U¡A¤]¨Ï¤é¥»Audio²£·~½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ¿³°_¡A²×ºÝ³]³Æ¥çÁͦh¤¸¡A§ó¨ã¦æ°Ê©Ê¡A¤â¾÷»Pµ¼Ö²£·~³vº¥¶×¬y¡A³y¦¨µ¼Ö¤â¾÷¤Îµ¼ÖªA°Èªº¥X²{¡Aºô»Úºô¸ôµ¼Ö¶Ç¿é»P¤U¸üªA°È¦¨ªø¡A¹ï½u¤Wµ¼Ö²£·~¤Î²×ºÝ³]³Æ¥«³õ¡A±a¨Ó½ÄÀ»¡C¤é¥»¼Æ¦ìµÀW²£·~¡A¹L¥h¥Dn¥HCD¡BMD¡BDVDµ¥¥«³õ¬°¥D¡A¦Ó¼Æ¦ì¤Æ¬ì§Þ¼vÅT¤U¡A¨Ï¨ä²£¥ÍÅܤơA¤é¥»Audio²£·~¥DnªºÅܤƻPµo®i¡A¥]§t±q«D½u¤Wµ¼Ö(Offline Music)¨«¦V½u¤Wµ¼Ö(Online Music)¡BAudio²×ºÝ³]³Æ¦h¤¸¤Æ¤Î¤â¾÷µ¼Ö¶Ç¿é¤U¸üªA°Èµo®i¨³³tµ¥3¶µ¯S¦â¡C
¤é¥»¦a°Ï¥I¶Oµ¼Ö¶Ç¿é»P¤U¸üªA°È¤§Àç·~ÃB¡A¾Ú¤é¥»°Û¤ù¨ó·|ªº¼Æ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¡A2006¦~²Ä¤G©uÂǺô»Úºô¸ô¤U¸üªºµ¼ÖªA°Èª÷ÃB¬ù¹F12»õ6,500¸U¤é¶ê¡A¥e¾ãÅé10.0%¡FÂǤâ¾÷¤U¸üµ¼ÖªA°Èª÷ÃB¬ù¹F112»õ9,400¸U¤é¶ê¡A¥e¾ãÅé89.7%¡A¥[¤W¥e¾ãÅé0.2%ªº¨ä¥L¥I¶O¶Ç¿é¤è¦¡¡A3ªÌª÷ÃB¦@p¬ù125»õ8,900¸U¤é¶ê¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¬Ý¥X¡A¤â¾÷µ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õ¬O¾ãÅéµ¼Ö¤U¸üªA°È¥«³õªº¥Dn¦¬¤J¨Ó·½¡A¦ý±qµ¼Ö¤U¸üªA°ÈªºÀç·~ÃB¨Ó¬Ý¡A¥iµo²{¦Û2005¦~²Ä¤T©u¶}©l¡A¥I¶Oªººô»Úºô¸ôµ¼Ö¶Ç¿é»P¤U¸üªA°È¶}©l¦¨ªø¡C
¤é¥»Ó¤H¹q¸£µ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õÁö¤£¦p¤â¾÷µ¼Ö¤U¸üÃe¤j¡A¦ý¦bAudio/MP3¼½©ñ¾¹¡Bµ¼Ö¤U¸üºô¯¸»PªA°È±À®i¤U¤]³vº¥§§¤j¡A¨ä¤¤²ö¹L©óÄ«ªG(Apple)¦b¤é¥»±À®iiPod¤Î±À¥X½u¤Wµ¼Ö°Ó©±iTunes¡C¾ÚSeed Planning³ø§i¦ôp¡A¦biPod¥[¤WiTunes³v¨B´£¤É¾ãÅéµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õªº¤ñ«¤U¡Aºô»Úºô¸ôµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õ±N³vº¥¦¨ªø¡A¤@¯ë¹w¦ôºô»Úºô¸ôµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥«³õ±N¶W¶V¤â¾÷µ¼Ö¤U¸ü¡C
¦Ó¥xÆW¦a°Ï2006¦~½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ³W¼Ò¬°·s¥x¹ô4.8»õ¤¸¡A¹w¦ô2007¦~¹F¨ì7.2»õ¤¸¡A¦~¦¨ªø²v°ª¹F48.8¢H¡]¼B·¡¼z¡A2007¡^¡AÁöµM»P¹êÅé°Û¤ù¾P°âÃB¤´¦³¤j´T®t¶Z¡A¦ýªñ¦~¨Ó§Ö³t¦¨ªøªºÁͶաA¤w¤j´T«I»k¶Ç²Î°Û¤ù¥«³õ¤§ª©¹Ï¡A«e´º¨ü¨ì¦U¬É¬Ý¦n¡C
¤T¡B
½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x
¡]¤@¡^ ¬ü°ê½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x
¥Ø«e¥þ¬ü±Nªñ¦³50Ó¥I¶O§Î¦¡ªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¨ä¤¤¸û¬°¥DnªºªA°È·~ªÌ¬ù¦³12®a¡C¬ü°ê¬°¥þ²y½u¤Wµ¼Öµo®i³Ì¬°½´«kªº¦a°Ï¡AªA°È¥¥x¼Æ¥Ø»P²£È§¡¦ì©~¥þ²yº¦ì¡C
¥ÑÄ«ªG¹q¸£©Ò¸gÀ窺¡uiTunes
Store¡v¬°¥þ¬ü¡A¦P®É¤]¬O¥þ²y³Ì¤jªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¥Ø«eªA°Èªº½d³ò°£¤F¬ü°ê¥»¤g¥~¡A¥ç©Ý®i¦Ü¥[®³¤j¡B¤é¥»¡B¯Ã¿D¥H¤Î³¡¥÷¼Ú¬w°ê®a¡C¦Ó¬ü°ê¥»¤gªºªA°È¥¥x¦@p¦³¶W¹L600¸Uººq¦±¥i¨Ñ·|û¶i¦æ¤U¸ü¡A·|û¯à¥H¨C¤U¸ü¤@ººq¦±¦¬¶O99¬ü¤À©Î¨C±i±M¿è¦¬¶O9.99¬ü¤¸ªº»ù®æ¶i¦æ®ø¶O¡C®ø¶OªÌ¥²¶·³z¹LiTunes¼vµ¼½©ñ³nÅé¤~¯à¤Wºôµn¤J¨Ï¥ÎiTunes Store¤§ªA°È¡A¨ä¼vµ¼½©ñ¤¶±¤ä´©³Áª÷¶ð»P·L³nµøµ¡¨t²Î¡C
Napster¦b2002¦~«Å§i¯}²£«á¡A³QRoxio¶R¤U¡A©óiTunes Store¶}©l´£¨ÑªA°Èªº¤»Ó¤ë«á«·s±À¥X¦Xªk½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡uNapster 2.0¡v¡A·sª©ªºNapster¤£±Ä¥ÎP2P§Þ³N¡A¤£¹L¤´´£¨Ñ»Pª©Ãþ¦üªº¥\¯à¡]¦pºq¤â¡Bºq¦±¤Î±M¿è·j´MªA°È¡^¡CNapster ¦b2003¦~¦¨¥ßªì´Á¶È´£¨Ñ®ø¶OªÌq¾\»P³æ¦±p»ù¨âºØµ¼Ö®ø¶O¼Ò¦¡¡A
RealNetworks©ó
¡uZune Marketplace¡v¬°¥þ²y³nÅ饨À¼Microsoft©Ò±À¥X¤§½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¥H¬ü°ê¥»¤g¬°¥DnªA°È½d³ò¡AZune Marketplace¥Ø«e¦@p¦³¶W¹L300¸Uººq¦±¡AªA°È¤è¦¡¤À¦¨¨C¤ë14.99¬ü¤¸ªºq¾\¨î¥H¤Î¨Cººq¦±¦¬¶O0.9875¬ü¤Àªº³æ¦±¤U¸ü¨î¨âºØ¡A¤£¹L©Ò¦³ªºªA°È³£¥u¯à³z¹LWindows¨t²Î¶i¦æ¡C¦¹¥~¡AMicrosoft¤]±À¥X¤@¨t¦C¦W¬°¡uZune¡v¤§µ¼Ö¼½©ñ¾¹¡A¸Õ¹Ï¨Ì´`Apple¦b½u¤Wµ¼Ö²£·~ªº¦¨¥\¼Ò¦¡¡C
¡uYahoo! Music Unlimited¡v¤DYahoo¡I©ó
¡ueMusic¡v¤§Á`³¡¦ì©ó¯Ã¬ù¡AÁõÄÝ©óDimensional
Associates¡A¦¨¥ß©ó1998¦~1¤ë¡A¨ä¸gÀç¼Ò¦¡±Äq¾\¨î¡]¤ëú¡^¡A¥Ø«e¾Ö¦³¶W¹L200¸Uººq¦±¥i¨Ñ®ø¶O¡A¦b¬ü¡B¥[¡A¥H¤Î³¡¥÷¼Ú¬w¦a°Ï´£¨ÑªA°È¡C2007¦~3¤ë¡A¸Ó¥¥x¥I¶Oq¾\¤H¼Æ¬ð¯}25¸U¡A¦¨¬°¥þ¬ü³Ì¤j¤§¡uq¾\¨î½u¤Wµ¼Ö°Ó©±¡v¡]subscription-based online music store¡^¡CeMusic¥¥x¤¤©Ò¦³ºq¦±³£¤£¨ü©óDRM¾÷¨îªº«OÅ@¡A¦P®É¥H§C»ùªº¼Ò¦¡¶i¦æµ¼ÖÀÉ®×¾P°â¡A¦]¦¹¥|¤j°Û¤ù¶°¹Î±ÂÅvªº·NÄ@¸û§C¡AeMusic©ó¬O±M§ð¿W¥ß°Û¤ù»s§@¤½¥qºX¤Uªº¦a¤Uºq¤â©M«D¥D¬yµ¼ÖÃþ«¬¡C
¡uPayPlay.FM¡v©ó
¡uBuyMusic¡v¬°¬ü°êª¾¦WÁʪ«ºô¯¸Buy.com©Ò¶}µoªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥¥x¡A¦¨¥ß©ó2003¦~7¤ë¡A¥Ø«e¦@p¾Ö¦³¶W¹L100¸Uººq¦±¡A®ø¶OªÌ¥i¦Ü¸Ó¥¥x¥H¨Cººq0.79¦Ü0.99¬ü¤¸¤£µ¥ªº»ù®æ¶i¦æ³æ¦±¤U¸ü¡A©Î¥H¨C±i9.99¬ü¤¸ªº¥N»ùÁʶR±M¿è¡A¥¥x¤¤©Ò¦³ªºÀɮ׶Ȥ䴩Microsoft Windows§@·~¨t²Î¡C
¡uWalmart Music¡v¬°¥þ¬ü²Ä¤G¤jµ¼Ö¹s°â°Ó¡B²Ä¤@¤j¹êÅé°Û¤ù³q¸ô°ÓWal-Mart Stores, Inc.©Ò«Ø¸mªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¾Ö¦³¶W¹L100¸Uº¦Xªk±ÂÅvµ¼ÖÀɮסAªA°È§Î¦¡¬°³æ¦±¤U¸ü¨î¡A¨C¤U¸ü¤@ººq¦±¦¬¶O0.88¬ü¤¸¡]ºq¦±¦³¨ü¨ìDRM«OÅ@¡^¡C2007¦~8¤ë¤U¦¯¡AWalmart Music«Å§G¶}©l³c°âµLDRM«OÅ@¤§µ¼ÖÀɮסA»ù®æ¬°¨Cººq¦±0.94¬ü¤¸¡A¬Û¸û©óiTunes Store¨CºµLDRM³æ¦±³c°â1.29¬ü¤¸n¨Óªº§C¡C
¡uSpiralFrog¡v¥¿¦¡¦¨¥ß©ó
¡uMusicGiants¡vªºÀç¹B½d³ò¥Ø«e¶È©ó¬ü°ê¦a°Ï¡A¾Ö¦³ªººq¦±Àɮצ@p¶W¹L100¸Uº¡A³o¨Ç¼Æ¦ìµ¼Ö¥þ¼Æ±N¥H·L³n©Ò´£¨Ñªº"µL¨ü·lWMA®æ¦¡"¡]WMA
Lossless¡^¶i¦æ³c°â¡Aµ½èµ¥¦P©óCD¡C¸Ó¥¥x¨Cº¡uµL¨ü·lWMA®æ¦¡¡vªºµ¼Ö°â»ù¬°1.29¬ü¤¸¡A¥t¥~§ó¥H¨Cº1.99¬ü¤¸ªº°ª»ù³c°â¡u¶W°ªµ½è¡v¡]Super HD¡^¤§µ¼ÖÀɮסC
¡uAmazon MP3
Downloads¡v¬°ª¾¦W¬ü°ê¹q¤l°Ó°È¤½¥q¨È°¨»¹¡]Amazon.com, Inc.¡^©ó2007¦~9¤ë©Ò±À¥Xªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸ü¥¥x¡AÀç¹B½d³ò¥Ø«e¶È©ó¬ü°ê¥»¤g¦a°Ï¡C¦¹¥¥x¥Ø«e¾Ö¦³¶W¹L200¸Uººq¦±¡A¦P®É¡A©Ò¦³ªººq¦±³£¬O¨S¦³¨ü¨ìDRM¨îªºMP3®æ¦¡ÀɮסAµ¼Ö³c°â§Î¦¡¬°¨Cººq0.89¬ü¤¸¦Ü0.99¬ü¤¸¤£µ¥¡A¦Ó¨C±i±M¿è«h¬°5.99¬ü¤¸©Î¥H¤W¤£µ¥¡C
¡]¤G¡^ ¼Ú¬w½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x
®Ú¾Ú2006¦~^°ê¸gÀپǤH´¼¼z³æ¤¸¡]Economist Intelligence Unit, EIU¡^»PIBM°Ó·~»ùȾǰ|¡]Institute for Business Value, IBV¡^©Ò´£¥X¤§¡u¹q¤l¤Æ¾ã³Æ«×¡v¡]e-readiness¡^³ø§i«ü¥X¡A¥þ²y¹q¤l¤Æ¾ã³Æ«×³Ì°ªªº«e10¦W°ê®a¤¤¡A¼Ú¬w°ê®a´N¦û¤F6¦ì¡A·í¤¤¤×¥H¥_¼Ú¦U°êªí²{³Ì¨Î¡A¤¦³Á«h¦ì©~¥þ²y¤§³Ì¡]¸êµ¦·|FINDºô¯¸¡A2006¡^¡C¼Ú¬w°ê®a¦b¸ê°T°ò¦«Ø³]¡B®ø¶OªÌ¸ê°T¨Ï¥Î¯à¤O¥H¤Î¥ø·~¸ê°T§Þ³Nµ¥¤è±¤§°·¥þ»P¶i¨B¡A¤]³s±a¤ÏÀ³¦b¼Ú¬w¦U°ê¥Ø«e½´«kªº½u¤Wµ¼Öµo®i²{ªp¡A¥H¤U´N°w¹ï¼Ú¬w´XÓ¥Dn°ê®a¤§½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¶i¦æ¤¶²Ð¡C
1¡B¤¦³Á¡G
¥Ø«e¬ù¦³30Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¨ä¤¤¥]¬AiTunes Denmark¡Be-Music¡BMSN Music Download¥H¤ÎMTV Music Shop¦b¤ºªº¥|ÓªA°È¥¥x³£¬O¬ü°ê·~ªÌ©Ý®i¦Ü¤¦³Áªººô¸ôªA°È¨Æ·~ª©¹Ï¡C¨ä¥L¹³¬O¥ÑBasepoint Media©Ò«Ø¸mªºBilka¡Bfotex¥H¤Î¼Ú³°ª¾¦W¼Æ¦ì¤º®e¨ÑÀ³°Ó24-7 Entertainment©Ò¸gÀ礧El giganten¡A³£¬O·í¦a¸û¨ã¥Nªí©Êªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡]Screen
digest, 2006¡^¡C
2¡B·ç¨å¡G
¹Ò¤º¬ù¦³22Ó¹B§@¤¤ªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡A¦b²³¦h·m¹½u¤Wµ¼Ö°Ó¾÷ªº·~ªÌ¤¤¤£¥F°ê¥~ª¾¦W·~ªÌ¡A¦p^°ê¹q«H·~ªÌVodafone¡B¸q¤j§QµÛ¦Wºô¸ôªA°È´£¨Ñ°ÓTiscali¡B¬ü°êe-Music¡BiTunes¤ÎMicrosoft¡C¨ä¥LµÛ¦WªºªA°È¥¥xÁÙ¥]¬A·ç¨åºô¸ôªA°È·~ªÌInProdicon©Ò¸gÀ窺Ahlens»PBengans¨âÓªA°È¥¥x¡C
3¡Bªk°ê¡G
¥Ø«e¬ù¦³18Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A°£¤F¬ü°êe-Music¡BiTunes¡BMTV
Digital Download¤ÎMSN Music¡F^°êVirgin¶°¹Î±À¥X¤§Virgin mega¡FTiscali±À¥X¤§Tiscali France¥H¤ÎSony¸gÀ窺µ¼Ö¥¥xConnect Franceµ¥ªA°È¾ÚÂI¥~¡A¥Dnªº·~ªÌ©|¦³ªk°êª¾¦WªºFnac¶°¹Î©Ò¸gÀ窺Fnac Music¡B¥Ñ¹q«H¹d¤lNokiaºX¤Uª¾¦Wªº¼Æ¦ìµ¼Öµo¦æ°ÓLoudeye¥D¾ÉªºCora¥H¤ÎÁõÄÝ©óªk°ê³Ì¤j¹q«H·~ªÌ¡uªk°ê¹q«H¡vºX¤U¨Æ·~¸s¤§¤@ªºOrangeºô¸ôªA°È¥¥x¡C
4¡B¼w°ê¡G
¬ù¦³27Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡AMicrosoft¡BMTV¡BApple¡BAOL¡Be-Music¡BNapster¡BSony¤ÎTiscaliµ¥¬ü¡B¤é¡B¸q·~ªÌ§¡³]¦³¼w°ê¤À³¡¡C¦Ó24-7 Entertainment©Ò¸gÀ窺Media Markt»PSaturn¡A¥H¤Î¥Ñ¼Ú¬w²Ä¤@¤j¹q«H¤½¥q¡u¼w°ê¹q«H¡v¡]Deutsche Telekom¡^ºX¤U¨Æ·~³¡T-Online©Òt³d¹B§@¤§µ¼Ö¥¥xMusicload¡A³£¬O¼w°êµÛ¦Wªºµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡C
5¡B¸q¤j§Q¡G
¥Ø«e¬ù¦³15Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¥]¬AiTunes Italy¡Be-Music¡BMSN Music Club Italy¡BMTV ITµ¥¸ó°ê¥ø·~¦¨¥ß¤§®T¼Ö¥¥x¡A¨ä¥L¹³¬OLoudeye©Ò«Ø¸mªºNet Music MediaWorld¡A¥H¤Î·í¦a·~ªÌTiscali©Ò¦¨¥ßªºTiscali Italyµ¥³£¬O¬Û·íµÛ¦Wªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡C
6¡B^°ê¡G
¬°¼Ú¬w½u¤Wµ¼Öµo®i¤§«Âí¡A¥Ø«e¾Ö¦³±Nªñ50Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¦]¦¹´X¥G©Ò¦³ª¾¦Wªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x³£¦b^°êºô°ì³]¥ß¾ÚÂI¡A¥]¬ASony©Ò«Ø¸mªºconnect UK¡F¬ü°ê·~ªÌ«Ø¸mªºe-Music¡BApple iTunes UK¡BMicrosoft MSN Music Club UK¡BMTV Digital Downloads UK¤ÎNapster UK¡Fªk°ê¹q«H¦¨¥ß¤§Orange UK¡C°£¤F¤Wz°ê»Úª¾¦W«~µPªº¶i¾n¡A¨ä¥L¹³¬O¥Ñ^°ê³Ì¤j¹s°â°ÓTESCO»P24-7 Entertainment¦X§@¸gÀ窺TESCO Music Downloads¡BMusicNet©M^°êºû¨Ê¶°¹Î¦X§@¦¨¥ßªºVirgin Digital UK¡B°ê»Úª¾¦WªºHMV.com¡BWippit.com¡BWoolworths¥H¤ÎRedGrooveµ¥¡A³£¬O^°ê¦a°Ï¸û¨ã¥Nªí©Êªº½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡C
¡]¤T¡^ ¨È¤Ó¦a°Ï½u¤WªA°È¥¥x
1¡B¤é¥»¡G
¥Ø«e¬ù¦³21Ó½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡A¨ä¤¤³Ì±j¶ÕªºªA°È·~ªÌ¬°2005¦~8¤ë¥H§C»ùµ¦²¤¦¨¥\¥´¤J¤é¥»¥«³õªºiTunes Japan¡A¾Ö¦³¶W¹L200¸Uºµ¼Ö³æ¦±ªº¸ê®Æ®w¡A¬O¥Ø«e³Ì¨ü¤é¥»¥Á²³«C·ýªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥x¡C¨ä¥L¹³¬O^°ê·~ªÌHMV©Ò«ØºcªºHMV Digital Japan¡B¥Ñ¤é¥»µ¼Ö¾P°â¼t°ÓLabel Gate©Ò«Ø¸mªºµ¼Ö¥¥xMora¡BUSEN¸gÀ窺OnGen¡BListenJapan©Ò±À¥XªºListen Music Store¡Bオリコン®è¦¡会ªÀ©Ò¸gÀ窺ORICON STYLE¡BNIFTY´£¨Ñªº¤U¸üªA°ÈMOOCS¡B¥ÑExcite¹B§@ªºExcite Music Store¡B¤é¥»ª¾¦W¹q«H·~ªÌKDDI©Ò±À¥XªºLISMO¡I¡B¼Ö¤Ñ¶°¹ÎºX¤UªºRakuten Music Download¥H¤Î¥t¤@®a¹q«H·~ªÌNTT communication±À¥Xªºµ¼ÖªA°Èmusico.jpµ¥³£¬O¥Ø«e¥«³õ¤W¸û¬°µÛ¦Wªº´XÓªA°È¥¥x¡C
2¡B«nÁú¡G
¥Ø«e¬ù¦³14Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¸û¬°¯S®í¤§³B¦b©ó¡A«nÁú¤§½u¤Wµ¼Ö²£·~¤D¬O¥Ñ¦b¦aªº·~ªÌ©Ò¥D¾É¡A°ê»Úª¾¦W·~ªÌ¦piTunes¡BNapsterµ¥³£µLªk¶¶§Q¥´¤J¸Ó°êªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ¡C¦Ó¥Dnµ¼Ö¥¥x«h¥]¬ADosirak¡BMaxmp3¡BMukebox¡BMusicOn¡BSoribada¡BTubemusicµ¥¡C
3¡B¿D¬w¡G
¿D¬w²{¤µ¬ù¦³13Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¥¿¦b¹B§@¤¤¡A¸û¬°ª¾¦Wªº¥]¬AApple iTunes au¡BOptus Zoo Mobile»PMTV Music Store¦X§@Àç¹BªºOptus Zoo Music¡B¥Ñ¿D¬w³Ì¤jºô»Úºô¸ôªA°È¨ÑÀ³°ÓTelstra BigPond©Ò«Ø¸mªºBigPondMusic¡B¨È¬w³Ì¤j½u¤Wµ¼Ö¹s°â°ÓSoundbuzz©Ò¸gÀ窺Ripit.com.au¤Î°ê»Úºô¯¸Soundbuzz.com¡B¿D¬wª¾¦W¶Ç´C¤½¥qDestramediaºX¤Uªºµ¼Öºô¯¸JBHiFi»PHarvey Norman ChannelGoµ¥ªA°È¥¥x¡]¬P®qÁpºô¡A2007¡FµØº¸µó¤é³ø¤¤¤åºôµ¸ª©¡A2006¡^¡C
4¡B»´ä¡G
»´ä¦a°Ï¥Ø«e¦³5Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¤À§O¬O¨È¬wª¾¦W«~µPSoundbuzz¡B¥Ñ¤¬°Ê³Ð·N¬ì§Þ¤½¥q©Ò«Ø¸mªºEOLAsia.com¡B¦³½u¼eÀW·~ªÌi-CABLEºX¤Uªº¥[ȪA°Èºôimusic¡B»´ä¹q°T¬Õ¬ì´CÅ餽¥q¶}³]ªº¾ã¦X®T¼Ö¥[ȪA°Èºô¯¸MOOV¡A¥H¤Îµ¼Öºô¯¸O
5¡B·s¥[©Y¡G
¥Ø«e¬ù¦³6Ó½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x¡A¥DnªºªA°Èºô¯¸¤j¦h¥Ñ¹q«H·~ªÌ©Ò¥D¾É¡A¦p·s¥[©Y³Ì¤j¹q«H¤½¥qSingTelºX¤U¥[ȪA°È¤¤ªºmusicVibes¡B·í¦a²Ä¤G¤j¹q«H¤½¥qMobileOne Ltd. ©Ò«Ø¸mªº¥[ȪA°È¥¥xMiWorld¡BÁú°êSamsung¶°¹Î¦b·í¦a±À¥Xªº¥[ȪA°È¥¥xSAMSUNG mobile FUN Club¡B°ê»Úª¾¦W¤â¾÷¹CÀ¸´£¨ÑªÌAcme Mobile©Ò±À¥X¤§MP3¥þ¦±¤U¸üªA°È¡B¥H¤ÎiGuanaMobile©Ò«Ø¸mªº¤â¾÷¥[ȪA°È¥¥x¡A¨ä¤¤¤]¥]¬AMP3¥þ¦±»P¹aÁnªº¤U¸ü¡C
6¡B¨ä¥¦¡G
®õ°ê¡B°¨¨Ó¦è¨È¡B¦L«×¡Bµá«ß»«µ¥°ê®a¦b½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥¥xªºµo®i¤W¸û¤£¿³²±¡A¦ýÁÙ¬O¦³¨ã¥Nªí©Êªº·~ªÌ¥¿¦bªF«n¨È¦a°Ï©Ý®i½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«³õ¡A¨Ò¦p¨È¤Ó¦a°Ï¬Û·íª¾¦Wªº«~µP¡uSoundbuzz¡v¡A¦b®õ°ê¡B°¨¨Ó¦è¨È¤Î¦L«×§¡³]¦³ªA°È¾ÚÂI¡C¨ä¾lªºªA°È¥¥x¹³¬O¦L«×¦a°Ïª¾¦WªºCrimsonBay.com»PIndia Times Digital Music
Download¥H¤Îµá«ß»«·í¦aª¾¦Wªº½u¤Wµ¼Ö¤U¸üºô¯¸Fliptunesµ¥¡C
¡]¥|¡^¥xÆW¦a°Ï½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È¥¥x
¥Ø«e¥xÆW¦a°Ï¦@p¦³5®a½u¤Wµ¼Ö°Ó©±¡A¨ä¤¤2004¦~¦¨¥ßªºKKBOX¡]Ä@¹Òºô°TªÑ¥÷¦³¤½¥q¡^¥H¤Î2006¦~¦¨¥ßªºezPeer+¡]¹FÀM¼Æ¦ì¬ì§ÞªÑ¥÷¦³¤½¥q¡A¨ä«e¨¬°µÛ¦WP2Pºô¯¸·~ªÌ¥þ²y¼Æ½X¬ì§ÞªÑ¥÷¦³¤½¥q¡^¥Ø«e¤À©~¥xÆW¦a°Ï½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥«¦û²v«e¨â¦W¡A¦Ó¥t¥~¤T®a½u¤Wµ¼Ö°Ó©±¤À§O¬Omu-mo¡BiNDIEVOX¥H¤ÎINmusic¡C
KKBOX¥Ø«e¬O±Ä¨ú½u¤W¦ê¬yªº§Î¦¡¨Ñ¥I¶O·|û¦b½u²âÅ¥½u¤Wµ¼Ö¡A¦P®É¤]¥i¥H§Q¥ÎÂ÷½u¤U¸üªº¤è¦¡²âÅ¥¨Æ¥ý¤U¸ü¦nªºµ¼Ö¡C°£¤F¥HÓ¤H¹q¸£§@¬°¦¬Å¥µ¼ÖªººÞ¹D¥~¡AKKBOX¦b2007¦~11¤ë»PÂÅÄN¬ì§Þ¦X§@¡A±À¥X·s¿³ªA°È¡uµL½uµ¼Ö²°¡v¡A®ø¶OªÌ¥i¥H³z¹LµL½u¶Ç¿éªº¤è¦¡²âÅ¥½u¤Wµ¼Ö·~ªÌ©Ò´£¨Ñªº¼Æ¦ìµ¼ÖªA°È¡]KKBOX¡A2007¡F¦ó^Þm¡A2007¡^¡C
ezPeer+©Ò´£¨Ñªºµ¼Ö²âÅ¥ªA°È»PKKBOX¤jP¬Û¦P¡]¦b½u»PÂ÷½u¦¬Å¥¨âºØ¿ï¾Ü¡^¡C¦ýªñ´Á¥H¨Ó¡AezPeer+¿n·¥§G§½¦æ°Êµ¼Ö¥«³õ¡Aº¥ý©ó2007¦~8¤ë»P¤¤µØ¹q«H¦@¦P±À¥X¤â¾÷¤U¸üµ¼ÖªA°È¡A¦A©ó¦P¦~11¤ë12¤é»P°ê¤ºµ®Ä¥d¤j¼t÷~°T¹q¤l¤Î¹êÅé°Û¤ù³q¸ôÀsÀY¼t°Óª´ºÀ¤j²³¶i¦æµ¦²¤Áp·ù¡A¦@¦P±À¥X¦W¬°¡u»Å¼ÖKºq¾÷¡vªºµ¼Ö¼½©ñ¸Ë¸m¡A¨Ã·f°t³Ì·sª©ªº¦æ°Êµ¼ÖªA°È¡uezPeer+ To Go¡v¡A¥¿¦¡«Å§i±NªA°ÈIJ¨¤©µ¦ù¦Ü¦æ°Êµ¼Ö»â°ì¡]ezPeer+¡A2007¡F³¢¬ýÔСA2007¦~¡^¡C
¥t¥~¡A¤¤µØ¹q«H»P¤é¥»¦ã°j°Û¤ù¤½¥q©ó
°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm
1.
²ø¼z©ú¡]2005¡^¡C¡q½u¤Wµ¼Ö²£·~·§ªp¡r¡A¡m²£·~½Õ¬d»P§Þ³N©u¥Z¡n¡A155:
2-23¡C
2.
¤ý¥ß¤å¡]2004¡^¡C¡m±´°QP2P¹ï°Û¤ù²£·~¤§½ÄÀ»¤Î°ÝÃD¸Ñ¨M¤§¹D¡n¡C¥xÆW¤j¾Ç°Ó¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C
3.
¦¿ªF«Û¡]2005¡^¡C¡m½u¤Wµ¼ÖªA°È²£·~Ävª§¤ÀªR¬ã¨s¡n¡C°ê¥ß»OÆW®v½d¤j¾Ç¹Ï¤å¶Ç¼½¾Ç¨t¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C
4.
³\±R¶²¡]2005¡^¡C¡m½u¤Wµ¼Ö¥I¶O·|û¨Ï¥Î»Pº¡¨¬¤§¬ã¨s¡X¥HKKBOX¤ÎKuro¬°¨Ò¡n¡C¥@·s¤j¾Ç¤½¦@Ãö«Yº[¼s§i¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C
5.
°]¹Îªk¤H¥xÆWºô¸ô¸ê°T¤¤¤ß¡]2009¡^¡C¡q¤E¤Q¤K¦~«×¥xÆW¼eÀWºô¸ô¨Ï¥Î½Õ¬d³ø§i¡r¡C
6.
¦æ¬F°|¸gÀ٫س]©eû·|¡]2009¡^¡C¡q¥xÆW¼eÀWºô¸ô´¶¤ÎÄvª§¤O¥þ²y²Ä¤»¡r¡C¦æ¬F°|¸gÀ٫س]©eû·|¡C
7.
©P¾ðªL¡B¼B·¡¼z¡]
8.
©P¾ðªL¡B¼B·¡¼z¡]2007b¡^¡C¡q¼Ú¬w¦a°Ï½u¤W®T¼Ö¦æ¬°¤ÀªR¡r¡C¸êµ¦·|¸ê°T¥«³õ±¡³ø¤¤¤ß¡C
9.
©P¾ðªL¡B¼B·¡¼z¡]
10.
¼B·¡¼z¡]2007¡^¡C¡q2006-2007¦~¥xÆWºô¸ô®T¼Ö¥«³õµo®i¤ÀªR¡r¡C¸êµ¦·|¸ê°T¥«³õ±¡³ø¤¤¤ß¡C
11.
§õ·çÙy¡]
12.
ªòã¼z¡]
13.
ªL¤W¯®¡]
14.
¦ó^Þm¡B¶À´¼»Ê¡]
15.
¶¾´º«C¡]
16.
¤ý¯\µØ¡]
17.
³¢¬ýÔС]
18.
»¯®ÑÒ±¡]
19.
®]ÂE·~¡]
20.
¬ì§Þ¬Fµ¦¬ã¨s»P¸ê°T¤¤¤ß¡]
21.
©P¤åë¡]
22.
¨H©s»T¡]
23.
§d©¾¿«¡]
24.
³¯¾å²ú¡]
25.
¦ó^Þm¡]
26.
¦ó^Þm¡]
27.
±i¸sªÚ¡]
28.
±i¸sªÚ¡]
29.
ÁÂb»T¡B§dßN¶²¡]
30.
¶À´¹µY¡]
31.
¦¿¶h¤§¡]
32.
¤ý¾åª³¡]
33.
§õ鳫š]
34.
Askbobrankin.com. (2009). DRM-Free Music. Askbobrankin.com.
Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://askbobrankin.com/drmfree_music.html
35.
Associated Press. (2007, September 17). New ad-supported
music site offers free music and video downloads. Madison.com. Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://www.madison.com/tct/wired/245381
36.
Hines, M., & Borland, J. (2003). CNET to buy, retune
MP3.com. Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://news.com.com/2100-1027-5107696.html
37.
Pellegrini, F., & Taylor, C. (2001). Another
free-music outlaw bites the dust. Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,127465,00.html
38.
Schrock, J. D. (2004). Digital Rights Management ¡V In
Search of New Directions, Accenture.
39.
TimeWarner. (2001, April 02). AOL Time Warner,
Bertelsmann, EMI and RealNetworks Create New Platform for Online Music
Subscription Services. Timewarner.com. Retrieved December 20, 2007, from http://www.timewarner.com/corp/newsroom/pr/0,20812,668621,00.html
40.
Vincent, S., & Vickery, G. (2004). Digital Broadband
Content: Music. OECD¡¦s Working Party on the Information Economy (WPIE), Retrieved
December 20, 2007, from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/13/2/34995041.pdf