µêÀÀªÀ°Ï»PµêÀÀ¤å¤Æ
«nµØ¤j¾Ç¥Xª©©Ò
§õÀR©y¡B³¢«ÅøÎ
²Ä¤@³¡¤À
µêÀÀªÀ°Ï
¤@¡B
µêÀÀªÀ°Ï²¤¶
¡]¤@¡^ªÀ°Ï¡þµêÀÀªÀ°Ï
¦b½Í¡uµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡v¡]Virtual Community¡^¤§«e¡A§ÚÌÀ³¥ý¤F¸Ñ¤@¤U¡uªÀ°Ï¡v
¡]Community¡^ªº©w¸q¡C
Ãö©óªÀ°Ï¡A¨Ã¨S¦³¤@ӫܧ¹¬ü½T¤Áªº©w¸q¡A·§¬A¦Ó¨¥¡A¤j²¤¦³¨âºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡C²Ä
¤@Ó¬O¡u¹êÅ骺ªÀ°Ï¡v¡A§Y«°¥«¡B¶mÂí©Î¾F¨½µ¥©~¥Á©Ò²Õ¦¨ªºªÀ°Ï¡C¦¨û¦b¥Í¬¡¤W¬Û¤¬¨Ì¿à¡A¨ÃÁ|¦æ³\¦h¬¡°Ê¨Óº¡¨¬¦¨ûªº¸gÀ٤ΪÀ·|»Ýn¡C³o¨Ç¤H¦]¦a½tÃö«Y¦Ó¦³¤@¨Ç¦@¦Pªº¯S½è¡A¦p¦³¤½¦@ªº³W«h»PºÞ²z¨î«×¡F¦³®É¤]¦@¦P¾Ö¦³¦P¼Ëªº¤å¤Æ»P¾ú¥v¶Ç²Î¡]µù1¡^¡C²Ä¤G¬O¡u¦]¦@¦P¿³½ì©Î¥Øªº¦Óµ²¦XªºªÀ¸s¡v¡A¦pªÀ·|ªº¡B±M·~ªº¡BºØ±Úªº¹ÎÅé¡C³o¨Ç¤H¦]¾Ö¦³¦@¦Pªº¿³½ì©Î²z©À¦Ó¸g±`¤¬°Ê»E¶°¡]µù2¡^¡C¹³¬O¾·~´Î²y¬¡°Ê¤¤¨C¤@¶¤ªº²y°g²Õ´¡B©v±Ð©ÊªºªÀ¸sµ¥¬ÒÄݤ§¡C
¡@¡@µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡AÅU¦W«ä¸q¡A·íµM¥]§t¤FªÀ°Ïªº¤@¨Ç¯SÂI¡A¥L̳£¬O¥Ñ²³¦hªº¦¨û¤@°_°Ñ»P¡B²Õ¦¨ªº¡A°£¤F°T®§ªº·¾³q¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¶Ç¹F±¡·P¡C©Ò¥H¡Aºô¸ô¤Wªº³oºØ·¾³q«¬ºA¤~³QºÙ¬°µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡]§õ¨Î¯Â¡A2001¡^¡C¦ý¦]¬°³oÓªÀ°Ï¡A¬O³z¹Lºô¸ô±N¤@³¡³¡¹q¸£³sµ²°_¨Ó¦Ó§Î¦¨ªº¡A¥¦¦b«Ü¦h¯S½è¤W¤w¶W¶V¡BÄAÂФF¯u¹êªÀ°Ïªº·§©À¡C
¡@¡@µêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº©w¸q¡A»¡ªk«Ü¦h¡A¦pJohn Hagel III©MArthur G.Armstrong©Ò¤Uªº©w¸q¬°¡u³z¹LInternet¦ê³s¡A¥Hº¡¨¬ºô¤Í¦b¤Û·Q¡B¿³½ì¡B¤H»ÚÃö«Y¤Î¥æ©ö»Ý¨Dªº¤p¹ÎÅé¡C¡v¡]µù3¡^
¡@¡@H. Rheingold©Ò¤Uªº©w¸q«h¬°¡G¡u¤@¸s¥DnÂǹq¸£ºô¸ô©¼¦¹·¾³qªº¤HÌ¡A©¼¦¹¦³¬YºØµ{«×ªº»{ÃÑ¡B¤À¨É¬YºØµ{«×ªºª¾ÃÑ©M¸ê°T¡B¬Û·íµ{«×¦p¦P¹ï«Ý¤Í¤H¯ë©¼¦¹ÃöÃh¡A©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¹ÎÅé¡C¡v¡]µù4¡^
¡]¤G¡^µêÀÀªÀ°ÏªºÃþ«¬
¡@¡@µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥i¨Ì·¾³q§Y®É©Ê¡A¤À¬°¦P¨B¥H¤Î«D¦P¨B¨âÃþ¡G
1. ¦P¨BµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡G¦pIRC¡]Internet Relay Chat¡^¡BICQ¡BMUD¡B³s½u¹CÀ¸µ¥¡C
2. «D¦P¨BµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡GBBS¡BNewsgroup¡BWWWªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡]¦p¿»Á¦Ã꺿»¨¹¡^¡BE-mail¡C
¥t¥~¡A¦]¬°µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥i¥H§â¹ï¬Y¨Ç¨Æª«¦³¿³½ìªº¤H»E¶°¦b¤@°_¡A¦]¦¹¡Aµ¥©ó
¬O¬°¼t°Ó°µ¦n¤À²³¡AÅý¥L̲M·¡ª¾¹D¥Ø¼ÐÅU«Èªº¦ì¸m¡A¦]¦¹¡A¤£¤Ö¤H³£¬Ý¦nµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¼çÂ꺰Ӿ÷¡C
¨Ì¦¹¡AµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥ç¥i¤À¬°«D°Ó·~©Ê»P°Ó·~©Ê¨âÃþ¡G
1. «D°Ó·~©Ê¡G¦p¤@¯ë®Õ¶éªºBBS¡C
2. °Ó·~©Ê¡G¦p¤@¨Ç¤½¥q¡B¤J¤fºô¯¸«Ø¥ßªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡C
¡@¡@«D°Ó·~©ÊµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº²Õ¦¨¸ò°Ó·~²Õ¦¨ÁÙ¬O¦³ÂI¤£¦Pªº¡A°Ó·~µêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº¦h¤¸»P¦h¼Ë¤Æ¡A©¹©¹¬O¦]¬°¬YºØ°Ó·~¥Øªº¡A¦³pµeªº¡B³Qª£§@ªºµ²ªG¡A¦]¦Ó»P«D°Ó·~©ÊªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A¦p®Õ¶éBBSµ¥ªºµo®i¡A¨ä¥D°Ê©Ê¡B¦Ûµo©Ê©M¦¨û©¼¦¹ªº¤¬°Ê´N¦³«Ü¤jªº¤£¦P¡]§f´fµÓ¡A2001¡^¡C
¡]¤T¡^µêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº¦¨û¨¤¦âÃþ«¬
¡@¡@·¨³ö¶®¡]2000¡^¦b½×¤å¡mºô»Úºô¸ôµêÀÀªÀ¸s¦¨û¤§¨¤¦â»P·¾³q¤¬°Ê¤§±´°Q¡n¤¤´£¨ì¡AµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¦¨û¦b°Ñ»Pµ{«×¡B¤¬°Êµ{«×¡B¨¥Ãã»y®ð¡B¤å³¹Ãþ«¬µ¥³£¦³©Ò¤£¦P¡A¦o±N¦¨û¤À¬°¤KºØÃþ«¬¡A¤À§O¬°¦¨û»â³S¡B·N¨£©IÀ³ªÌ¡B¦Û§Ú´¦ÅSªÌ¡B¸gÅç·N¨£¤À¨ÉªÌ¡B¸ê°T¸ß°ÝªÌ¡BÂsÄýªÌ¡B²£«~±À¼sªÌ¡B¤zÂZªÌ¡C
1. ¦¨û»â³S¡G¨ü¨ì¦¨ûªº·q«»P«H¿à¡A¤¬°Ê»P°Ñ»Pµ{«×°ª¡A¹ïµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¦³«Ü¤jªº°^Äm¡C
2. ·N¨£©IÀ³ªÌ¡G±`¹ï¨ä¥L¦¨ûªº·N¨£©Î¸gÅçªí¥Ü»{¦P»P°lÀH¡A´Á±æ¯à¥[±j¦Û¤v¦bªÀ°Ï¤ºªºªÀ·|Ãö«Y¡C
3. ¦Û§Ú´¦ÅSªÌ¡G±NµêÀÀªÀ°Ï·í§@¤ßÆF±H°Uªº¦a¤è¡A±`µoªí±¡ºü©Êªº¤å³¹¡C
4. ¸gÅç·N¨£¤À¨ÉªÌ¡G¼ö¤ß´£¨Ñ¦Û¤vªº·N¨£¡A©Î¤À¨ÉÓ¤H¸gÅç¡A´Á±æ¹ï¥L¤H¦³©ÒÀ°§U¡C
5. ¸ê°T¸ß°ÝªÌ¡G±NµêÀÀªÀ°Ïµø¬°¸ß°Ý°ÝÃD©Î´M§ä²£«~¸ê°Tªº³õ©Ò¡A¥u¦b¹J¨ì°ÝÃD©Î¦³Áʪ«ªº»Ý¨D®É¤~¥úÁ{ªÀ°Ï¡A¦bªÀ°Ï¤ºªº°Ñ»Pµ{«×°¾§C¡C
6. ÂsÄýªÌ¡G¦bªÀ°Ï¸Ì³Q°Ê¦a·j´M¸ê°T¡AÄÝ©ó¨IÀqªº¤@¸s¡A¦ý¦³¦¨¬°¨ä¥L¨¤¦âªº¼ç¤O¡C
7. ²£«~±À¼sªÌ¡G¦bªÀ°Ï¸Ì¶i¦æ²£«~ªº¶R½æ©Î±À¼s¡A¥i¯à¬O¤½¥qªº¾P°â¤Hû¡A¤]¥i¯à¬O°â½æ¤G¤â°Ó«~ªÌ¡C
8. ¤zÂZªÌ¡G¦bªÀ°Ï¸Ì¸ß°Ý©Îµoªí»P°Q½×¥DÃDµLÃöªº¤å³¹¡A¦Ó³y¦¨¨ä¥L¦¨û¾\Ū¤Wªº§xÂZ¡C
³æ¤@¦¨û¥i¯àݨã¨âºØ¥H¤Wªº¨¤¦â¡A¤]¥i¯à¨Ì®É¶¡ªº§ïÅÜÂà´«¨¤¦âÃþ«¬¡C
¥t¥~¡A·¨³ö¶®¤S±N¦¨û¶¡ªº¤¬°Ê¼Ò¦¡¡AÂk¯Ç¬°¸ê°T±j¤Æ¡B±¡·P¥æ¬y¡B°ÝÃD
¸Ñ¨M¡B²£«~¥æ©ö¡B¤zÂZ»P¤Ï¨îµ¥¤ºØ¡C
¤G¡B¯u¹êªÀ°Ï»PµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤§¤ñ¸û
¬°¤F¥YÅãµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº¯S¦â¡A¥iÂǥѨä»P¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤§¤ñ¸û¨Ó¹F¨ì¦¹¤@¥Øªº¡C
¡@¡@1¦a°ìªº¨î¡G¯u¹êªÀ°Ïªº²Õ¦¨¸û¨ü©ó¦a°ì¡AÁöµM¦b³q°T«K§Qªº¤µ¤é¡A¥i¦h¤Ö¥´¯}¦a°ìªº¬É½u¡A¦ý¬Û¸û©óµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº¸ó¦a°ì¡B¸ó°ê¬É¡A¤´¬O¦³¨Ç®t¶Z¡C
¡@¡@2.·¾³qªº¤u¨ã¡G¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¬OÂǥѱ¹ï±ªº¡B§Q¥Î·P©x¨Ó°µ·¾³q¡C§ÚÌ¥i¬Ý¨ì·¾³qªº¹ï¶H¡A©ÎªÌÅ¥¨ì¥LªºÁnµ¡A¬O¦b³o¼Ëªº¤@Ó°ò¦¤W·¾³q©¼¦¹ªº±¡·P»P·Qªk¡C¦Ó¦bµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¤@¶}©l¨Ï¥Îªº·¾³q¤u¨ã¦h¬O¤å¦r»P²Å¸¹¡C§ÚÌÂǥѤå¦r»P²Å¸¹¨Ó·í§@¤F¸Ñ¤@Ó¯¥Í¤Hªº¤u¨ã¡A³oÓ°_©lÂI»P¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤¤¤H»P¤H¤§¶¡ªº·¾³q¬O¤£¤Ó¤@¼Ëªº¡A¦Ó¦b·¾³qªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥çµLªk¤F¸Ñ¹ï¤è©Ò³Bªº±¡¹Ò¡A©ÎªÌ¥Lªºªí±¡¡C
¡@¡@¤£¹L¦b´£¨ì³o¤@ÂI®É¡Aµ§ªÌ¬ðµM·Q¨ì¹L¥h¶Ç²Îªºµ§¤Í¡C«Ü¦h¤»¦~¯Å¥H¤Wªº¤H¡A¥i¯à³£¦³¥æµ§¤Íªº¸gÅç¡C¥æµ§¤Í¤]¬O¦]¬°¤@¶}©l¬O³z¹L¤å¦r¡B²Å¸¹¨Ó»{ÃѤ@Ó¤H¡]¦³ªþ·Ó¤ùªº¥t·í§O½×¡^¡A©Ò¥H¹ï³\¦h¤H¦Ó¨¥¬O¥Rº¡¯«¯µ·P©M¼Ö½ìªº¡C¥i¨£¡A¤H©Ê¤¤ªº½T¬O¦³³oºØ·QÁô°Î¦Û¤v¡B§êºt¦h«¨¤¦âªº¼¤±æ¡C
¡@¡@
3. ·¾³qªº²`«×¡G¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¨âÓ¯À¤£¬ÛÃѪº¤H¤@¶}©l·¾³q®É¡A©¹©¹¬O¤ñ¸û
«È®M¡Bªí±ªº¡A»Ýn¤ñ¸ûªøªº®É¶¡¤~¯à¹F¨ì¤@ºØ²`«×¡C¦ÓµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A·íµM¤]¬O¥Ñ²L¤J²`¡B´`§Çº¥¶iªº¥æ½Í¤F¸Ñ¡A¦ý¨ºÓ¶i®i¦h¥b¬O¤ñ¸û§Öªº¡A¤]¥i¯à«Ü§Ö´NIJ¤Î²`¤Jªº¸ÜÃD¡A«Ü§Ö¦a´N¦ü¥G«Ø¥ß¤@ºØ°ª«×ªº»{ª¾»P·P±¡¡C
¡@¡@4.¥D°Ê»P³Q°Ê¡G¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤¤Ãö«Yªº«Ø¥ß¡AÓ¤Hªº·NÄ@»P¤O¶qÅã±o¸ûµL¼vÅT¡]¶À«p»Ê¡A1997¡^¡CªÀ°Ïªº«Ø¥ß¡A¦h¥b¬O®a±Ú¶¡ªº¡B¾F¨½¶¡ªº¡A©ÎªÌ¾Ç®Õ¡B¤½¥q¡C¤H¦b¨ä¤¤¬O¤ñ¸û³Q°Êªº¡C¦ÓµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¸Ì¡A¬O¥HÓ¤H¬°®Ö¤ß¡A®Ú¾Ú¨ä·NÄ@´Â¼ÆÓ¤è¦V¶}®i¡]¶À«p»Ê¡A1997¡^¡C¤@Ó¤H¥i¯àÃh©êµÛ¥h®J¤Î¤@¹Cªº¹Ú·Q¡B¹ïÀï¤h¼Ö·P¿³½ì¡B³ßÅw¸ê°TªÀ·|¾Ç¡K¡Kµ¥¡A¥L´N¥i¥H¥D°Ê¦a¦bºô¸ô¤W·j´M¡A¥[¤J¦Û¤v·QnªºªÀ°Ï¡C
¡@¡@5.¥þ¤H®æ»P¤ù±¤H®æ¡G¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¤H»P¤Hªº±µÄ²¬O¤ñ¸û¥þ¤H®æªº¡C¦Ó³z¹L¹q¸£¬°´C¤¶ªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº·¾³q¡A¶À«p»Ê¡]1997¡^«ü¥X¥Ñ©ó¨ä¤£¬O¦¹®É¦¹¦a·N¸qªº±¹ï±¤¬°Ê¡A¥[¤W°Î¦W©Ê¡A¤H»P¤Hªº±µÄ²¤]¤£¦A¬O¥þ¤H®æªº±µÄ²¡A¦ÓÂàÅܬ°§½³¡¤H®æªº±µÄ²¡C³o¼Ëªº¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡A¥i¯à¦]¬°°Î¦W©Êªº«OÅ@¦Ó®e³\Ó¤HIJ¤Î²`¼hªºÁô¨p¡A¬Æ¦Ü®e³\¶W¥G´M±`ªº²`¤J¡A¨Ã¥B¥Ñ©ó·¾³q´C¤¶ªº¤è«K©Ê¡A©Ò¥H¨äÀW²v¤]¯à°÷«ÜÀWÁc¡CµM¦Ó¡A²¦³º³o¥u¬O³¡¤À¤H®æ¤§¶¡ªº±µÄ²¡A¬G¦ÓÃö«YÅã±o¯Ü®z¡F³o¬O¦]¬°¥ô¦óÃö«Yªºµ²§ô¡A¼vÅT©Ò¤Îªº¥u¬O³¡¤Àªº¤H®æ¡C
¡@¡@6.¿Ë±K»P²¨Â÷¡G¯u¹êªÀ°Ï»PµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A¦óªÌ§ó¨Ñ«Ø¥ß¿Ë±KªºÃö«Y¡A³o¬O«Ü¤Ý¸Þªº¤@ÂI¡C°ò¥»¤W¨Ó»¡¡A¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¥Ñ©ó±¹ï±ªº¥þ¤H®æ±µÄ²¡AÃö«YÀ³¸Ó·|¸û¿Ë±K¡F¦ý¦]³£¥«¤ÆªºÃö«Y¡A§Ú̩γ\¸ò¦Û¤v¾F¨½ªÀ°Ïªº¤H®Ú¥»¥¼´¿¥æ½Í¹L¡AªÉ½×«Ø¥ß¿Ë±KÃö«Y¡C¦ýµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªºÃö«Y¡A¦p«e©Òz¡A«o¥i¯à¹F¨ì¤@ºØ¶W¥G´M±`ªº²`¤J¡C¦³¤H¦b²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤©Î³\©P¾D¨S¦³§Ó¦P¹D¦Xªº¤H¡A©ÎªÌ¥²¶·Áô°Î¦Û¤vªº¬Y¨Ç³¡¤À¡A¤ñ¦p»¡¦P©ÊÅʪ̡A¦]¦¹»PµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤¯À¬N¥¥Íªº¤H½Í±o§ó²`¤J¡B¯à¤À¨É§ó¦h¡AÃö«Y§ó¿Ë±K¡C
¡@¡@¦ý¬O¡AµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¿Ë±KÃö«Y«o¤]«Ü®e©ö´N¤ÁÂ_¡Bµ²§ô¡C¥un¤£¸ó¤J¯u¹ê¥@¬É¡AÀH®É³£¥i¥H°®¯Ü¦aµ²§ôµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªºÃö«Y¡C
¡@¡@7.¾®»E¤Oªº±j®z¡G¦b¯u¹êªÀ°Ïªº¬ã¨s¤¤¡A¾®»E¤Oªº°Q½×¬O«Ü«nªº¤@ÓijÃD¡F¦]¦¹¡A½Í¨ìµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A¤]¤£¯à©¿²¤¾®»E¤O³o¤@Àô¡C·¾³q¤¬°Ê¡B±¡·P¸gÅ窺¤À¨Éµ¥¡A³£·|¼W±jªÀ°Ïªº¾®»E¤O¡CµêÀÀªÀ°Ï³Q»{¬°¾®»E¤O¤£¥i¯à¹³¯u¹ê¥@¬É¤¤ªº¤@¨ÇªÀ°Ï¨º»ò°ªªºì¦]¡A¦h¥b¬O¦]¬°µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº·¾³q¤£¬O±¹ï±ªº¡A¦]¬°¯À¤£¬ÛÃÑ¡B¶È³z¹L¤å¦r²Å¸¹ªº·¾³q¡A¤£½×¹ï¤è¬O«õ¤ß±ÇªÍ¡B¥X¦Û¯u¸Û¡A©Î¬Oµê°²³y§@¡A³£·|Åý¤H¦h¤Ö¦³ºØ¤£½T©wªº·Pı¡C¦¹¥~¡AÒ\º¸·F´£¨ì¡AªÀ·|¥²¶·©w´ÁÂǵۻö¦¡¨Ó¿E°_ªÀ·|¦¨û¹ïªÀ·|ªº¤@Åé·P¡C³o¤§¶¡ªºÃöÁä´N¦b©ó¦@¦P°Ñ»P»ö¦¡®É¡AªÀ·|¦¨û¬Û¤¬·P¬V¦Ó¶i¤Jªº¶°Å餮¾Äª¬ºA¡C©Ò¿×¶°Å餮¾Ä¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¨CÓ©t¥ßªºÓ¤HÓ§O¾Ö¦³ªº·P¨ü¡A¤]¤£¬O¤Û·Qªº¥æ¤¬·PÀ³¦Ó¤w¡A¦Ó¬O±¡ºü»P·Pıªº¬Û¤¬¼W±j¡]¹ùÃèÜs¡A2001¡^¡C
¡@¡@¦b¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº³oºØ»ö¦¡¡A¤ñ¦p¹³¬O¦P¤@¶¤ªº²y°g¦b²y³õ¬°¤ä«ùªº²y¶¤¥[ªo¡A¤£½×¿éĹ¡A¨ººØ¶°Å餮¾Äªº±¡ºü¡A³£·|¨Ï³oÓªÀ°Ïªº¾®»E¤O§ó±j¡C©Î¬O¡A¤@¨ÇªÀ°Ï·|Á|¿ì¦P¼Ö¬¡°Êµ¥¡C¦ÓµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A´N¯Ê¥F¤F³o¤@ÂI¡C
¡@¡@8.ªÈ¯É»P±Æ¸Ñ¡G©µÄò¤W¤@ÂI¡A¹ùö^Üs¦b¡qµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¾®»E¤Oªºªì±´¡r¤@¤å¤¤¡A´£¨ì¡uªÀ°Ïªº¾®»E¤O¥i¥H±q¥®§ªÈ¯Éªº¹Lµ{¤¤®i²{¥X¨Ó¡v¡A·N«ü¡G¤@Ó¥¤ZµL¯Éª§ªºªÀ°Ï¤£¤Ó®e©ö±oª¾»{¦Pªºµ{«×¡A¦ý¬O¦³¾®»E¤OªºªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A«o¤£®É¦³¦¨û·|¬°ªÀ°Ï¥´©ê¤£¥¡C¦b¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¦pªG¦³ªÈ¯Éµo¥Í¡A·|¦³Ó¦W¥¿¨¥¶¶ªº¥òµôªÌ¡BºÞ²zªÌ¨Ó¥®§±Æ¸ÑªÈ¯É¡C¦Ó¦bµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¦]¬°¤]²o¯A¨ì¤H»Ú¤¬°Ê¡A©Ò¥H¥i¯à¦]¬°§Q¯q¤Wªº½Ä¬ð©Î²z©À¤Wªº¤£¦X¦Ó²£¥ÍªÈ¯É¡C³o®É¡A±Æ¸ÑªÈ¯Éªº¤H¥i¯à¬Oª©¥D¡B¯¸ªøµ¥¡A©ÎªÌ¬O¨ä¥L¦¨ûªºÁֽסCÃö©ó³o¤@ÂI¡A¨ä¹ê¯u¹êªÀ°Ï»PµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¬OÆZ¬Û¦Pªº¡A²¦³º¡A³£¬O¥Ñ¤H©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¡CµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº¶}©ñ¤]¤£¬OµL«×ªº¡A¤´µM·|¦³Ó¼Ð·Ç¦b¨º¨à¡A¦pªG¬O¤H¨§ðÀ»ªº¤å³¹¡B±À¾P²£«~ªº¤å³¹µ¥¡AÁÙ¬O·|³Q§R°£¡A©Î³Q¨ä¥L¦¨û§åµû¡C¦Ó¦b³o¹Lµ{¤¤¡AµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº¾®»E¤O¤]´N¥[±j¤F¡C
¤T¡B»P¥Xª©¬ÛÃö¤§µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤§¤¶²Ð
¡@¡@¦]¬°©Ò¾Ç¤§¬G¡A¦]¦¹°w¹ïºô®ü¤¤ºØÃþ¯EÁc¡B¼Æ¶qÃe¤jªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡Aµ§ªÌ¯S§O°w¹ï»P¥Xª©¬ÛÃö¤§µêÀÀªÀ°Ï°µ¤@²²¤ªº¤¶²Ð¡C
1. ¥Xª©ªÀ©Ò«ØºcªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï
«e±´£¨ì¡A¥Ñ©óµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥i»E¶°¦³¦@¦P³ß¦n¡B»Ý¨Dªº¤H¡A¦]¦¹³Qµø¬°¥Rº¡°Ó¾÷ªº»â°ì¡C¹ï¥Xª©ªÀ¦Ó¨¥¡A±N¤@¥»®Ñ±À¾Pµ¹¯u¥¿·|¶R¥¦ªºÅªªÌ¡A¬O¥ó«Ü«nªº¨Æ¡C´²¼uºj¦¡¡Bº©µL¥Ø¼Ð¦a±À¾P¡A¤£¦pÂê©w¦³¸û¤j¥i¯àÁʮѪºÅªªÌ¡A¦ÓµêÀÀªÀ°Ï«ê¦n¤]´£¨Ñ¤F¤@ӳ̨ΪººÞ¹D¡C¦¹¥~¡A³o¼ËªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤]¯àÅý¥Xª©ªÀ±oª¾ÅªªÌªº·N¨£¡AÅýŪªÌ¶¡¥i©¼¦¹¤À¨É¾\Ūªº¤ß±o¡A¦³§U©ó¾®»EŪªÌ¡A¹ï¥Xª©ªÀªº¸gÀç¤]¦³¥¿±ªºÀ°§U¡C©Ò¥H¤@¨Ç¤j«¬¥Xª©ªÀªº©x¤èºô¯¸¤W¡A¤]³£¦³µêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº«Ø¸m¡Aµo®i±o¤]³£¤£¿ù¡C
¨Ò¦p¡A»·¬y¥Xª©ªÀªº³ÕÃѺô¤¤¡A´N¦³¡u²áÂN¡v¡A¨ä¹ê´N¬OBBS¡C°w¹ï¤£¦P®ÑºØ¡B§@®a¤]¦³½Ñ¦p¡uª÷±e¯ùÀ]¡v¡]ª÷±e¤p»¡¡^¡B¡u¬ì¾Ç¤H¡v¡]¡m¬ì¾Ç¤H¡nÂø»x¡^¡B¡u¿Ñ±þ±Mªù©±¡v¡]±À²z¤p»¡¡^µ¥µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡C
®É³ø¥Xª©ªÀªº®É³ø®®Åªºô¤¤¡A¤]¦³»P¤ô²~ÄH³½¡B§ø¤W¬K¾ð¡B¦N¥»ªÝ®R®R¡BÀ¹±á§Ó¡B¤ý¤åµØµ¥ºZ¾P§@®a¦³Ãöªº¤p«¬µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡]¦h¬°¯d¨¥ª©§Î¦¡¡^¡C
2. §@®a«ØºcªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï
¬d¤F¤U·j´M¤ÞÀº¡Aµo²{³\¦h§@®a¡A¤£½×¬O®Ñ¥«¤¤ªººZ¾P§@®a©Î¬O¦W®ð¤£¨º»ò¤jªº§@®a¡A©Î¬O¼Æ¶q«Ü¦hªº¨¥±¡¤p»¡§@®a¡A³£¦³Ó¤Hºô¯¸¡C¦Ó¦³¨Ç§@®aºô¯¸¤¬°Ê©Ê¸û±j¡A¤H®ð¸û©ô¡A¥ç§Y¥HµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¦Ó¨¥¬O¾®»E¤O¸û±jªº¡C
¦p¡G´X¦Ìªº¡u´X¦ÌSPA¡v¡]www.jimmyspa.com¡^¡C¦b¦¹ºô¯¸¤¤¡A¦³°Q½×°Ï¡B¯d¨¥ª©¡B¹q¤l³øµ¥¡C
¡@¡@3.»P¥Xª©¤H¦³ÃöªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï
¦bºô¸ô¥@¬É¤¤¡A¤°»ò¼ËªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï³£¥i¯à¦s¦b¡A¥i¥Hº¡¨¬¦UºØ¤Hªº»Ý¨D¡C»P¥Xª©¡B½s¿è¬ÛÃöªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥çµM¡C
¦p¡G¡u½s¿è¤½¶é¡v¡]http://newsfamily.com/editor¡^¡C³oÓµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥Ñ¤@¨Ç½s¿èt³dºûÅ@¡AÁÙ¦³¡u½s¿è¤u·|¡vªº²Õ¦¨¡CªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¦³¨Ç¸ê¾ú¸û²Lªº½s¿è·|´£°Ý¡A¸ê²`ªº½s¿è¤À¨É¸gÅç¡F©ÎªÌ¡A¤j®a¦bªÀ°Ï¤¤¦RW¤ô¡B¤À¨É¤u§@¥ÌW½Í¡A¬O¤@Ó¤¬°ÊÀWÁc¡B¾®»E¤O»á±jªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡C
¥|¡Bµ²½×
¡@¡@§d»ô®ï¡]1998¡^«ü¥X¡A¡uµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡vªº¥Í¬¡¸gÅç»P¡u¯u¹êªÀ°Ï¡vªº¥Í¬¡¸gÅ礧¶¡¬ÛÀá¬Û¬Vªº±¡¹Ò¡A¤w³vº¥¦¨¬°²{¥N¤H̦@¦Pªº¥Í¬¡ÅéÅç¡C¦¹ºØµê¤¤¦³¹ê¡B¹ê¤¤±aµêªº¥Í¬¡¡A¹ï¤HÃþ¦Ó¨¥¡A¥i¯à¦¨¬°´M¨D¥Í©R·N¸qªº³Ì«n°Ñ¦ÒÂI¡C
¡@¡@¦Ü©ó¡A³Ì«á±N¬OµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¥Í¬¡¸gÅç¥D¾É¤U¤@¥@¬ö¤HÃþªºªÀ·|¦æ¬°¡A©Î¬O¯u¹ê¥Í¬¡ªº¸gÀÙ¥D±±ºô¥Á̦bµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¡A©Î¥i¯à¬O¨âªÌ¶¡¬Û¤¬ÅGÃÒ¡A«P¨Ï¤HÃþªºªÀ·|¦æ¬°²£¥Í«e©Ò¥¼¨£ªºÅܾE¡A¤´¬O¥¼©w¤§½×¡C
ªþµù
µù1¡GDouglas Schuler ,Community Networks¡GBuilding a New Participatory Medium,
CPN Community Networking.1994 http://www.cpn.org/sections/topics/networking/civic_perspectives/omm_networks.html¡]9 May 1999¡^¡C¤Þ¦Û¨¿²ÐÁ¨¡]2000¡^¡C¹q¸£ºô¸ô¤¤¡uµêÀÀªÀ¸s¡v²{¶H»P¸gÀ給²¤¤§±´°Q¡C
µù2¡GUmiler-Sebeok
,Jean and Kim Gregson.The Social Matrix of Information Needs
and Behavior:Community.http://www.slis.Indiana.edu/umikerse/L503/ Commun.html¡]26 March 1999¡^¡C¤Þ¦Û¨¿²ÐÁ¨¡]2000¡^¡C¹q¸£ºô¸ô¤¤¡uµêÀÀªÀ¸s¡v²{¶H»P¸gÀ給²¤¤§±´°Q¡C
µù3¡G¤Þ¦Û³°©Ó§Ó¡]2000¡^¡Cºô¸ôªÀ¸sªº²{ªp»PÁͶաC
µù4¡GÂà¤Þ¦Û»C¥»·ç¡m±Ð¨|»PªÀ·|¡Gªï±µ¸ê°T®É¥Nªº±Ð¨|ªÀ·|¾Ç¤Ï¬Ù¡n¡A¥x¥_¡G´´¼¡A2000¦~¡Ap.225¡C
°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ
¶À«p»Ê¡]1997¡^¡CµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¤H®æ»{¦P»P«H¿àÃö«Y¡C°ê®a¬Fµ¦Âù©P¥Z¡A168¡Cpp.5-7¡C
§f´fµÓ¡B³¯Â×°¶¡B±i°xºû¡BRicardo¡]2001¡^¡C½Ö§ð±o¤UµêÀÀªÀ¸s¡H¢w¢wµêÀÀªÀ°Ï
¡@¡@ªº«Ø¥ß»Pºû«ù¡C¸Û«~¦nŪ¡A8¡Cpp.17-22¡C
§õ¨Î¯Â¡]2001¡^¡CµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¶²Ð¡CE-Soc Journal¡C12 http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e-j/12/12_5.htm
¨¿²ÐÁ¨¡]2000¡^¡C¹q¸£ºô¸ô¤¤¡uµêÀÀªÀ¸s¡v²{¶H»P¸gÀ給²¤¤§±´°Q¡C¤j¾Ç¹Ï®ÑÀ]¡A4:1¡CPP.60-80¡C
³°©Ó§Ó¡]2000¡^¡Cºô¸ôªÀ¸sªº²{ªp»PÁͶաC¤¤µØ¥Á°ê¸ê°T¾Ç·|³q°T¡A3:4¡Cpp.15-20¡C
³¯©É¦w¡]2002¡^¡CµêÀÀªÀ¸sE-Soc Journal¡C21
http://mail.nhu.edu.tw/~society/e~j/21/21-17.htm
·¨³ö¶®¡]2000¡^¡Cºô»Úºô¸ôµêÀÀªÀ¸s¦¨û¤§¨¤¦â»P·¾³q¤¬°Ê¤§±´°Q¡C¤¤¥¿¥øºÞ©Ò
¡@¡@ºÓ¤h½×¤å¡C
¹ùö^Üs¡]2001¡^¡CµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªºªì±´¡C¸ê°TªÀ·|¬ã¨s¡C1¡Cpp.57-83¡C
²Ä¤G³¡¤À
µêÀÀ¤å¤Æ
¤@.
¦ó¿×¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¡H
¡· ¡m²©ú¤j^¦Ê¬ì¥þ®Ñ¡n¡]Concise Encyclopædia Britannica¡^¡G
Culture ¤å¤Æ
¤HÃþª¾ÃÑ¡B«H¥õ»P¦æ¬°ªº²Î¦X«¬ºA¡A¨ä½d³ò¥]¬A»y¤å¡B·NÃѧκA¡B«H¥õ¡B²ß«U¡B¸T§Ò¡B³W½d¡B¨î«×¡B¤u¨ã¡B§Þ³N¡BÃÀ³N«~¡B§»ö¡B»ö¦¡¤Î¨ä¥L¬ÛÃö¦¨¤À¡C¨äµo®i¨Ì¤HÃþ¾Ç²ßª¾ÃѤΦV«á¥N¶Ç±Â¤§¯à¤O¦Ó©w¡C¡K
¬ã¨s¤å¤Æ¤]¥i±q¨ä²Õ¦¨§ÎºA¤Îµ²ºcµÛ²´¡]¦p¦U¤å¤ÆÃþ«¬¡B¤å¤Æ°Ï°ì¤Î¤å¤Æ¼Ò¦¡¡^¡A¥ç©Î¸g¨ä¨î«×µ²ºc¤Î¥\¯àµÛ²´¡]¦pªÀ·|²Õ´¸gÀÙ¨î«×¡B±Ð¨|¡B©v±Ð«H¥õ¡B²ß«U¤Îªk«ßµ¥¡^¡C
¾ãÓ¤HÃþ¤å¤Æ¤]¥i²Ó¤À¬ã¨s¡A±Nì©l¤å¤Æ¤Î«D«°¥«¤å¤Æ»Pªñ¥N«°¥«¤å¤Æ¬Û¤ñ¸û¡A©Î±N«Ê«Ø¡B¹A¥Á©Î³¡¸¨ªÀ·|»Pªñ¥N¤u·~ªÀ·|¬Û¤ñ¸û¡C¡K¡]µù1¡^
¡· ¡m¤¤°ê¤j¦Ê¬ì¥þ®Ñ¡n¡A·¨¤ßùÚ¡G
¤å¤Æ¡]culture¡^ ªÀ·|¾Ç»P¨ä¥L¤H¤å¾Ç¬ì¬ã¨sªº°ò¥»°ÝÃD¤§¤@¡C¼s¸qªº¤å¤Æ«ü¤HÃþ³Ð³yªº¤@¤Áª«½è²£«~©Mºë¯«²£«~ªºÁ`©M¡C¯U¸qªº¤å¤Æ±M«ü»y¨¥¡B¤å¾Ç¡BÃÀ³N¤Î¤@¤Á·NÃѧκA¦b¤ºªººë¯«²£«~¡C
µü·½
¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¤@µü¦b¦è¤è¨Ó·½©ó©Ô¤B¤åcultura¡Aì¸q¬O«ü¹A¯Ñ¤Î¹ï´Óª«ªº°ö¨|¡C¦Û15¥@¬ö¥H«á¡A³vº¥¤Þ¥Ó¨Ï¥Î¡A§â¹ï¤Hªº«~¼w©M¯à¤Oªº°ö¾i¤]ºÙ¤§¬°¤å¤Æ¡C¦b¤¤°êªº¥jÄy¤¤¡A¡u¤å¡v¬J«ü¤å¦r¡B¤å³¹¡B¤åªö¡A¤S«ü§¼Ö¨î«×¡Bªk«ß±ø¤åµ¥¡C¡u¤Æ¡v¬O¡u±Ð¤Æ¡v¡B¡u±Ð¦æ¡vªº·N«ä¡C±qªÀ·|ªv²zªº¨¤«×¦Ó¨¥¡A¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¬O«ü¥H§¼Ö¨î«×±Ð¤Æ¦Ê©m¡Cº~¥N¼B¦V¦b¡m»¡b¡n¤¤»¡¡G¡u¤ZªZ¤§¿³¡A¿×¤£ªA¤]¡A¤å¤Æ¤£§ï¡AµM«á¥[¸Ý¡v¡C¦¹³B¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¤@µü»P¡uªZ¥\¡v¬Û¹ï¡A§t±Ð¤Æ¤§·N¡C«n»ô¤ý¿Ä¦b¡m¦±¤ô¸Ö§Ç¡n¤¤»¡¡G¡u³]¯«²z¥H´º«U¡A¼Å¤å¤Æ¥H¬X»·¡v¡C¨ä¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¤@µü¤]¬°¤åªv±Ð¤Æ¤§·N¡C¤å¤Æ¤@µüªº¤¤¦è¨âÓ¨Ó·½¡A®í³~¦PÂk¡A¤µ¤H³£¥Î¨Ó«üºÙ¤HÃþªÀ·|ªººë¯«²{¶H¡A§í©Î¤HÃþ©Ò³Ð³yªº¤@¤Áª«½è²£«~©M«Dª«½è²£«~ªºÁ`©M¡C¾ú¥v¾Ç¡B¤HÃþ¾Ç©MªÀ·|¾Ç³q±`¦b¼s¸q¤W¨Ï¥Î¤å¤Æ·§©À¡C
¤å¤Æ·§©Àªº¬É©w ¤å¤Æ¤@µü©|µL²Î¤@ªº©w¸q¡C¦bªñ¥N¡Aµ¹¤å¤Æ¤U¤@©ú½T©w¸qªº¡Aº±À^°ê¤HÃþ¾Ç®aE.
B. ®õ°Ç¡C¥L©ó1871¦~¥Xª©¤F¡mì©l¤å¤Æ¡n¤@®Ñ¡C¥L«ü¥X¡G¡u¾Ú¤HºØ»x¾ÇªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý¡A¤å¤Æ©Î¤å©ú¬O¤@Ó½ÆÂøªº¾ãÅé¡A¥¦¥]¬Aª¾ÃÑ¡B«H¥õ¡BÃÀ³N¡BÛ²z¹D¼w¡Bªk«ß¡B·«U©M§@¬°¤@ÓªÀ·|¦¨ûªº¤H³q¹L¾Ç²ß¦ÓÀò±oªº¥ô¦ó¨ä¥¦¯à¤O©M²ßºD¡C¡v
^°ê¤HÃþ¾Ç®aB. K. °¨ªL¿Õ¤Ò´µ°òµo®i¤F®õ°Çªº¤å¤Æ©w¸q¡A©ó20¥@¬ö30¦~¥NµÛ¡m¤å¤Æ½×¡n¤@®Ñ¡A»{¬°¡u¤å¤Æ¬O«ü¨º¤@¸s¶Ç²Îªº¾¹ª«¡A³f«~¡A§Þ³N¡A«ä·Q¡A²ßºD¤Î»ùȦӨ¥ªº¡A³o·§©À¥]§tµÛ¤Î½Õ¸`µÛ¤@¤ÁªÀ·|¬ì¾Ç¡C§ÚÌ¥ç±N¨£¡AªÀ·|²Õ´°£«Dµø§@¤å¤Æªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¹ê¬OµLªkÁA¸Ñªº¡C¡v¥LÁÙ¶i¤@¨B§â¤å¤Æ¤À¬°ª«½èªº©Mºë¯«ªº¡A§Y©Ò¿×¡u¤w§ï³yªºÀô¹Ò©M¤wÅܧ󪺤HÃþ¦³¾÷Åé¡v¨âºØ¥Dn¦¨¤À¡C
¥Îµ²ºc¥D¸q¥\¯àªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó¬ã¨s¤å¤Æ¬O^°ê¤HÃþ¾Çªº¤@ӶDzΡC^°ê¤HÃþ¾Ç®aA. R. ©Ô¼w§J§Q¤Ò•¥¬®Ô»{¬°¡A¤å¤Æ¬O¤@©wªºªÀ·|¸sÅé©ÎªÀ·|¶¥¯Å»P¥L¤Hªº±µÄ²¥æ©¹¤¤²ß±oªº«ä·Q¡B·Pı©M¬¡°Êªº¤è¦¡¡C¤å¤Æ¬O¤H̦b¬Û¤¬¥æ©¹¤¤Àò±oª¾ÃÑ¡B§Þ¯à¡BÅéÅç¡BÆ[©À¡B«H¥õ©M±¡¾Þªº¹Lµ{¡C¥L±j½Õ¡A¤å¤Æ¥u¦³¦bªÀ·|µ²ºcµo´§¥\¯à®É¤~¯àÅã²{¥X¨Ó¡A¦pªGÂ÷¶}ªÀ·|µ²ºcÅé¨t´NÆ[¹î¤£¨ì¤å¤Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¤÷»P¤l¡B¶RªÌ»P½æªÌ¡B²ÎªvªÌ»P³Q²ÎªvªÌªºÃö«Y¡A¥u¦³¦b¥L̥橹®É¤~¯àÅã²{¥X¤@©wªº¤å¤Æ¡Cªk°ê¤HÃþ¾Ç®aC. ¦Cºû•´µ¯S³Ò´µ±q¦æ¬°³W½d©M¼Ò¦¡ªº¨¤«×µ¹¤å¤Æ¤U©w¸q¡C¥L´£¥X¡G¡u¤å¤Æ¬O¤@²Õ¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¡A¦b¤@©w®É´Á¬y¦æ©ó¤@¸s¤H¤§¤¤¡A¡K¨Ã©ö©ó»P¨ä¥¦¤H¸s¤§¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¬Û°Ï§O¡A¥BÅã¥Ü¥X²M·¡ªº¤£³sÄò©Ê¡v¡C^°ê¤HÃþ¾Ç®aR. ¥±´µ»{¬°¡A¤å¤Æ´N¬OªÀ·|¡AªÀ·|¬O¤°»ò¡A¤å¤Æ´N¬O¤°»ò¡C¥L¦b1951¦~¥Xª©ªº¡mªÀ·|²Õ´n¯À¡n¤@®Ñ¤¤«ü¥X¡A¦pªG»{¬°ªÀ·|¬O¥Ñ¤@¸s¨ã¦³¯S©w¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡ªº¤H²Õ¦¨ªº¡A¨º»ò¤å¤Æ´N¬O¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡C¬ü°ê¤HÃþ¾Ç®aA. L. §Jù§B©MK. ¬ì©Ô§J¬x¦b1952¦~µoªíªº¡m¤å¤Æ¡G¤@Ó·§©À©w¸qªº¦Òµû¡n¤¤¡A¤ÀªR¦Ò¹î¤F100¦hºØ¤å¤Æ©w¸q¡AµM«á¥L̹ï¤å¤Æ¤U¤F¤@Óºî¦X©w¸q¡G¡u¤å¤Æ¦s¦b©ó¦UºØ¤ºÁôªº©M¥~Å㪺¼Ò¦¡¤§¤¤¡AÂǧU²Å¸¹ªº¹B¥Î±o¥H¾Ç²ß»P¶Ç¼½¡A¨Ãºc¦¨¤HÃþ¸sÅ骺¯S®í¦¨´N¡A³o¨Ç¦¨´N¥]¬A¥L̨î³yª««~ªº§óºØ¨ãÅ馡¼Ë¡A¤å¤Æªº°ò¥»n¯À¬O¶Ç²Î¡]³q¹L¾ú¥vl¥Í©M¥Ñ¿ï¾Ü±o¨ìªº¡^«ä·QÆ[©À©M»ùÈ¡A¨ä¤¤¤×¥H»ùÈÆ[³Ì¬°«n¡C¡v§Jù§B©M¬ì©Ô§J¬xªº¤å¤Æ©w¸q¬°²{¥N¦è¤è³\¦h¾ÇªÌ©Ò±µ¨ü¡C
¤Wz¦UºØ¤å¤Æ©w¸q¡A¤¬¦³ªøµu¡A¤Ï¬M¤Fªñ²{¥N¤HÃþ¾Ç®a¡BªÀ·|¾Ç®a©MªÀ·|¤ß²z¾Ç®a¹ï¤å¤Æ»{ÃѪº¾ú¥v¹Lµ{¡C
¤å¤Æªºn¯À ¥Dn¥]¬A¡G1.ºë¯«n¯À¡A§Yºë¯«¤å¤Æ¡C¥¦¥Dn«üõ¾Ç©M¨ä¥¦¨ãÅé¬ì¾Ç¡B©v±Ð¡BÃÀ³N¡BÛ²z¹D¼w¥H¤Î»ùÈÆ[©Àµ¥¡A¨ä¤¤¤×¥H»ùÈÆ[©À³Ì¬°«n¡A¬Oºë¯«¤å¤Æªº®Ö¤ß¡C¡K2.»y¨¥©M²Å¸¹¡C¡K3.³W½dÅé¨t¡C³W½d¬O¤H̦欰ªº·Ç«h¡A¦³¬ù©w«U¦¨ªº¦p·«Uµ¥¡A¤]¦³©ú¤å³W©wªº¦pªk«ß±ø¤å¡B¸sÅé²Õ´ªº³W³¹¨î«×µ¥¡C¡K4.ªÀ·|Ãö«Y©MªÀ·|²Õ´¡CªÀ·|Ãö«Y¬O¤Wz¦U¤å¤Æn¯À²£¥Íªº°ò¦¡C¥Í²£Ãö«Y¬O¦UºØªÀ·|Ãö«Yªº°ò¦¡C¦b¥Í²£Ãö«Yªº°ò¦¤W¡A¤Sµo¥Í¦UºØ¦U¼ËªºªÀ·|Ãö«Y¡C³o¨ÇªÀ·|Ãö«Y¬J¬O¤å¤Æªº¤@³¡¤À¡A¤S¬O³Ð³y¤å¤Æªº°ò¦¡CªÀ·|Ãö«Yªº½T¥ß¡An¦³²Õ´ªº«O»Ù¡CªÀ·|²Õ´¬O¹ê²{ªÀ·|Ãö«Yªº¹êÅé¡C¤@ÓªÀ·|n«Ø¥ß½Ñ¦hªÀ·|²Õ´¨Ó«OÃÒ¦UºØªÀ·|Ãö«Yªº¹ê²{©M¹B¦æ¡C¡K5.ª«½è²£«~¡C¸g¹L¤HÃþ§ï³yªº¦ÛµMÀô¹Ò©M¥Ñ¤H³Ð³y¥X¨Óªº¤@¤Áª««~¡K¡C
¤å¤Æªº¤@¯ë¯S¼x ¥Dn¦³¡G1.¤å¤Æ¬O¥Ñ¤HÃþ¶i¤Æ¹Lµ{¤¤l¥Í¥X¨Ó©Î³Ð³y¥X¨Óªº¡C¦ÛµM¦s¦bª«¤£¬O¤å¤Æ¡A¥u¦³¸g¹L¤HÃþ¦³·NµL·N¥[¤u»s§@¥X¨ÓªºªF¦è¤~¬O¤å¤Æ¡C¡K2.¤å¤Æ¬O«á¤Ñ²ß±oªº¡C¤å¤Æ¤£¬O¥ý¤Ñªº¿ò¶Ç¥»¯à¡A¦Ó¬O«á¤Ñ²ß±oªº¸gÅç©Mª¾ÃÑ¡C¡K3.¤å¤Æ¬O¦@¦³ªº¡C¤å¤Æ¬O¤HÃþ¦@¦P³Ð³yªºªÀ·|©Ê²£ª«¡A¥¦¥²¶·¬°¤@ÓªÀ·|©Î¸sÅ骺¥þÅ馨û¦@¦P±µ¨ü©M¿í´`¡A¤~¯à¦¨¬°¤å¤Æ¡C¡K4.¤å¤Æ¬O¤@Ó³sÄò¤£Â_ªº°ÊºA¹Lµ{¡C¤å¤Æ¬J¬O¤@©wªÀ·|¡B¤@©w®É¥Nªº²£ª«¡A¬O¤@¥÷ªÀ·|¿ò²£¡A¤S¬O¤@Ó³sÄò¤£Â_ªº²Ö¿n¹Lµ{¡C¡K5.¤å¤Æ¨ã¦³¥Á±Ú©Ê©M¯S©wªº¶¥¯Å©Ê¡C¡K
¤å¤Æ¬O¥Ñ¦UºØ¤¸¯À²Õ¦¨ªº¤@Ó½ÆÂøªºÅé¨t¡C³oÓÅé¨t¤¤ªº¦U³¡¤À¦b¥\¯à¤W¤¬¬Û¨Ì¦s¡A¦bµ²ºc¤W¤¬¬Û³sµ²¡A¦@¦Pµo¥ÍªÀ·|¾ã¦X©MªÀ·|¾É¦Vªº¥\¯à¡CµM¦Ó¯S©wªº¤å¤Æ¦³®ÉÔ¤]¦¨¬°ªÀ·|ÅܾE©M¤HÃþ¦Û¨µo®iªºªý¤O¡C¡]µù2¡^
¤G.
µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¡uµêÀÀ¤å¤Æ¡v¡G²L½ÍµêÀÀ¤å¤ÆªºÃþ«¬»P¯S®í²{¶H
µ²ºc¡G±qMUDªºµêÀÀ¤¬°Ê¬ÝµêÀÀ¤å¤Æªº¡uªÅ¶¡Åv¤O¡v
¡· ¡uª±®a¤å¤Æ¡v¡B¡u³]pªÌ¤å¤Æ¡v¡B¡uÂI¤l§Ûŧ¡vVS¡u¤å¤Æ¶Ç¼½¡v
¡· ¡u¹CÀ¸¤å¤Æ¡v¡G¥Ñ©ó¥Ø«e¤j¦h¼ÆªºMUD³£¬O¥H¹CÀ¸¬°¥D¡A¦]¦¹§Ú̷̳P¿³½ìªº¡A²ö¹L©ó³o¨Ç¹CÀ¸I«á©ÒÁô§tªº°T®§¡A¤°»ò¼Ëªº¹CÀ¸¥i¥HÅý¥H°ª¯Åª¾ÃѤÀ¤l¬°¥Dªº¹q¸£±Ú¸s¼o¹ì§Ñ¹¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦]¦Ó¯î¼o¾Ç·~¡H³o¨Ç¤H¤ß¸Ì¦b·Q¤°»ò¡H²ßºD©ó MUD ³oºØºô¸ô¬¡°Êªº¤H¦³¤°»ò¯S½è¡H³o³\¦hªº°Ý¸¹¨Ï§ÚÌ¥²¶·´£¥X¦³Ãö¡u¹CÀ¸¤å¤Æ¡vªº«ä¦Ò¡C¹ïÃö¤ß¤å¤Æªº¤H¦Ó¨¥¡A¹CÀ¸¤å¤Æ¬O¤@ºØ§ó²`¤J¡B¼vÅT§ó²`»·ªºÆ[ÂI¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¥Î¹CÀ¸¤å¤Æ¥]§t«e±´£¨ìªºª±®a¤å¤Æ¡B³]pªÌ¤å¤Æ¡B²á¤Ñ¤å¤Æ¡BMUD-BBS ¤å¤Æµ¥µ¥¡A¤]¥i¥H¥]§t MUD ¹ïª±®a¦b²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤¡A¤H®æµo®iªº¼vÅT¡B¥Í¬¡«¬ºA¡B»ùȧPÂ_¡B¬Æ¦Ü¤H¥Í³W¹ºµ¥±¡C¡]µù3¡^
¡· ³s½u¹CÀ¸ªºÅv¤O¬I®i
ºë¯«¡G±qµêÀÀ¤Æ¨¬ÝµêÀÀ¤å¤Æªº¡u¼¤±æ¬y°Ê¡v
¡· ¡u¦bºô¸ô¤W¡A¨S¦³¤Hª¾¹D§A¬O¤@±øª¯¡v¦¬O¦Ñ¥Í±`½Í¡AµM¦Ó¡A¨ì©³ºô¸ô¬ì§Þ¦p¦ó§ïÅܩζì³y§Ú̪º¨¤À»{¦P¡A¥H¤Î³o¨Ç§ïÅܹïªÀ·|³W½d±a¨Óþ¨Ç½ÄÀ»¡A«o¦ü¥G¤@ª½¬OÃø¸ÑªºÁ¼¹Î¡CTurkle¬ã¨sºô¸ô¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦p¦ó¸g¥Ñ¨äºô¸ô¬¡°Ê©Ý®i¨ä©Ê§O©M¨¤À»{¦P¸gÅç¡A§i¶D§Ú̦b²{¹ê¥@¬ÉµLªkÀò±oº¡·N¸ÑµªªºÓ¤H¡A¦p¦óÂà¨ìµêÀÀ¥@¬É«Ø¥ßºô¸ôªÀ¸s¡B´M¨D¦P¦n¡A¦p¦ó¦b¥Ñºô¸ô¬ì§Þ¬[ºc°_¨ÓªºªÀ¸s¤¤´M§ä¥Í©Rªº·N¸q»Pµª®×¡AµM«á¦^¨ì²{¹ê¥@¬É¡A½á¤©¥Í¬¡¤£¦Pªº¸àÄÀ¡Gºô¸ô¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦]¦Ó±o¥Hªì¨B²z¸Ñ¦Û¤vªº¤ß²zª¬ºA¡A¬Æ¦Ü¶i¤@¨BÀ´±o±q¤£¦PªºÆ[ÂI¡A¸àÄÀªÀ·|ºt¤Æ¡B¤H§ÚÃö«Y¡B¬Fªv¡B©Ê§Oµ¥µ¥ªº·N¸q¡C¡]µù4¡^
¡· ¡u¨¤¦â§êºt¡v»P¡u±¨ã¤H®æ¡v--ºë¯«»ö¦¡ªº¤¬°Ê¤å¤Æ
¡· ²³æ¦a»¡¡A¸g¥Ñ¹q¸£ºô¸ô´C¤¶ªº¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡AÃþ¦ü©ó¹jµÛ±¨ã¡]persona¡^ªº¤¬°Ê¡CÂǵ۳гy¤@Ó¥N¸¹¡]id¡^¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥i¥H¼È®ÉÁô°Î³¡¥÷©Î¥þ³¡¦b¯u¹ê¥@¬É¤¤ªº©Ê§O¡B¾Ç¾ú¡B¾·~¡B¤D¦Ü©ó¦a¦ìµ¥¨¤À¡A¬Æ¦Ü¸ó¶V¦a°ìªº¨î»P»·¤èªº¨ä¥L¥N¸¹§Î¦¨¤¬°Ê©Î¸ê°T¥æ¬y¡C³o¬O³\¦h¤H¥H°Î¦W©Ê¡]anonymity¡^¨Ó´yzºô¸ô¤H»ÚÃö«Yªºì¦]¡A¤]¬O³\¦h¤H§â¹q¸£ºô¸ô¤W¤H»ÚÃö«Y±Æ¥¸¬°µê°²©Îµê¤Ûªº²z¥Ñ¡C¡]µù5¡^
¡· 쥻¥Î¨Ó§JªA²{¹êÀô¹Ò¨î¡A©Ý®iÓ¤H¤H»ÚÃö«Y½d³òªººô¸ô¥@¬É¡A¤@¥¹¨ú¥N¤F¯u¹ê¥@¬Éªº¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡A±N¨Ï±oÓ¤H¥¢¥h¾Ç²ß¾AÀ³ªº¾÷·|¡C¥Î¦ò¬¥¨Ì¼wªº¤H®æ²z½×¨Ó»¡¡A³o´N¬O¥»§Ú¡]id¡^¨É¼Öì«hªº°ª«×µo´¡A©Úµ´¤F¶W§Ú¡]superego¡^I«áªÀ·|À£¤Oªº¬ù¨î¡C³oºØ±¡ªp¤Uªº¦Û§Ú¡]ego¡^¤]µL¶·®Ú¾Ú²{¹êì«h¨Ó½Õ¸`¥»§Ú»P¶W§Ú¤§¶¡ªººò±iÃö«Y¡A¦]¦Ó§Î¶ì¥X§á¦±ªº¤H®æ»{¦P¡C¡]µù6¡^
¡· ¹jµÛ±¨ãªº¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡AÅý§ÚÌ¥i¥H©ñ¤ß¦a±´¯Á¤H®æ¤¤¤@¨Ç³s¦Û¤v¤]·|·P¨ìÅå³Yªº±¦V¡BÅé·|¯u¹ê¥@¬É¤¤©Ò§êºtªº¨¤¦â»P¦bºô¸ô¤W§ÚÌ©Ò§e²{ªº¦Û§Ú³o¨âªÌ¤§¶¡ªº®t²§¡A¦P®É¡A¤]¨Ï§Ú̯à°÷¤ñ¸û©âÂ÷¦aÆ[·Ó¦Û¤vªº½Ñ¦h±»ª¡C³oºØ¸g¥Ñ®t²§¹ï¤ñ¦Ó²£¥Íªº¦Û§Ú»{ÃÑ¡A¥¿¬O¤H®æ»{¦Pªº°ò¥»±ø¥ó¡C¦¹¥~¡A¹q¸£ºô¸ôÅý§Ú̱o¥H¸ó¶V¦a°ìªº¨î»P»·¤èªº¤H̥橹¡A¤×¨ä¬O²{¹êªÀ·|¤¤ªº¤Ö¼Æ±Ú¸s¡A§ó¯à°÷¦]¦¹§ä¨ì§Ó¦P¹D¦XªºªB¤Í¡A¦b±¡·P¤W¬Û¤¬¤ä«ù»P¥æ´«¦³¥Îªº°T®§¡C¡]µù7¡^
¡· §Ú̳£ª¾¹D¡A³\¦hì©l³¡¸¨ªº»ö¦¡³£¬O±aµÛ±¨ãªº»RÁСC±¨ã¡A¨ÏªÀ·|¦¨û¯à°÷±q¤é±`¥Í¬¡ªº¨Ò¦æ»P¤Z«U¤¤¸Ñ²æ¥X¨Ó¡F¦ý§ó«nªº¬O¡A³z¹L¨g»R©Ò¿Eµoªº¤®¾Ä¡A¥H¤Î¦¨û±¡ºü¶¡ªº¬Û¤¬·P¬V¡A¤~¯à¨Ï±oªÀ·|¦¨û¦A¦¸¿Ä¤J¶°Å餧¤¤¡A¦A«×¬¡¤Æ¦Û¤v»P¶°Å骺»{¦P¡A§_«h¡A±¨ã¤Ï¦Ó¥i¯àÅܦ¨¤H»ÚÃö«Yªº¹j»Ò¡C¡]µù8¡^
¡· ¸Û¦pªÀ·|¾Ç®aÒ\º¸·F©Ò«ü¥X¨Óªº¡AªÀ·|¥²¶·©w´Á¦aÂǵۻö¦¡¨Ó¿E°_ªÀ·|¦¨û¹ïªÀ·|ªº¤@Åé·P¡C³o¤§¶¡ªºÃöÁä´N¦b©ó¦@¦P°Ñ»P»ö¦¡®É¡AªÀ·|¦¨û¬Û¤¬·P¬V¦Ó¶i¤Jªº¶°Å餮¾Äª¬ºA¡C©Ò¿×¶°Å餮¾Ä¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¨CÓ©t¥ßªºÓ¤HÓ§O¾Ö¦³ªº·P¨ü¡A¤]¤£¬O¤Û·Qªº¥æ¤¬·PÀ³¦Ó¤w¡A¦Ó¬O±¡ºü»P·Pıªº¬Û¤¬¼W±j¡C¤]°ß¦³³oºØ¸g¥Ñ¿Ë¨°Ñ»P¡B¦b¦¹®É¦¹¦a»P¥L¤H¦@¦P¾Ö¦³ªº¤@Åé·P¡A¤~¬OªÀ°Ï¡BªÀ¸s¡B¤D¦Ü©óªÀ·|ªº°ò¦¡C³o¤@ÂI¥¿¬OµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¸Ìªº¤H»ÚÃö«Y©Ò¤í¯Êªº¡C¡]µù9¡^
¹Lµ{¡G±qP2µ¼ÖªÀ¸s¬ÝµêÀÀ¤å¤Æªº¡u«Øºc¹ê¨Ò¡v
¡· P2¡]Postcard2¡^½u¤WªÀ¸s³Ì¤jªº¯S¦â¦b©ó¦¨ûÌÂ÷½u«á¤]¦³«ùÄò¦h¦~ªº¹ê»Ú¥Í¬¡¥æ©¹Ãö«Y¡A¬Æ¦Ü³z¹Lºô¸ôªºÁpô¨ÓÁ|¿ì¯u¹ê¥@¬É¤¤ªºµ¼Ö¼y¨å¡C
¡· "Increasingly, the experience of meeting with P2ers resembles any other meeting with friends -- close friends that you don't see all that often," says Amy Haugesag, an online community manager for a for-profit company, and also of Chicago. "I'm not embarrassed to say that P2 has been the main source of my social life for a considerable part of the last five years. As a female music fan, I always felt a little isolated, because I had very few female friends who were as passionate about music as I was, and many guys never knew quite what to make of a girl who was as passionate about music as they were. P2 has provided me with a whole slew of fellow travelers, men and women, who share the passion -- who 'get it.'"¡]µù10¡^
¡· "I meet with someone from P2 at least two or three times a month, and for the past year or so I've met with groups of them about every three or four months or so," says Bill Silvers, a customer service supervisor in Kansas City, Missouri. "Those meetings are special, exciting, frustrating, nervous making, exhilarating, and drunken, to use just a few of the applicable adjectives. I've met and gotten close to a lot of terrific people that I would never have had the opportunity to have met before the creation of the Internet-P2-Twangfest. Simply, it's given me an opportunity to meet and interact with dozens of like-minded people, and has become a primary source of intellectual, emotional and personal interaction for me." ¡]µù11¡^
¡· "I pretty much find that if I like the person from their e-mail, I like the person when I meet him or her," adds Wyatt. "The converse is not always true; some of the more contentious folks online are much nicer in person." "While 99% of the people I've met in this community have been wonderful, there is always the exception," says Arsenault. "It's sometimes easy to forget that you really don't know someone that you communicate with through e-mail. ¡]µù12¡^
¡· "I've mixed it up with a lotta folks, but usually even the heated disagreements ended with expressions of mutual respect," says Yates. "I'm pretty sociable in general, and P2 is just one part --albeit an important one-- of an active social life. I still don't understand why some folks seem to get all fearful about posting, and get all freaked out if someone disagrees with 'em. Variety's the spice of life, and I love playing the contrarian and posting stuff that I know is gonna cause a debate. That's what makes P2 so lively -- lotsa interesting characters with contrary points of view. Even folks that have rubbed me the wrong way on the list have turned out to be generally nice people in person. ¡]µù13¡^
¡· "ALL communities are good supportive things, whether they happen face-to-face or over e-mail," affirms Knaus. "People make people more isolated. Saying the internet makes people more isolated is like saying pencils make people more isolated¡K¡¨¡]µù14¡^
¡· "Honest and open communication is key," says Arsenault regarding organizing an event like Twangfest. "You have to really trust and respect the people you're working with. It's important that everyone is responsible and accountable. Face-to-face meetings at least every two to three months are really necessary." ¡]µù15¡^
¡·²{¹êªÀ·|¤¤ªº¤å¤Æ¬O§_¤]·|¼vÅT¤H̱µ¨ü¹q¸£»²§U·¾³qªº¬ì§Þ¡H
Ãþ«¬¡G±q¹q¸£´C¤¶ªº¨Ï¥Î¬ÝµêÀÀ¤å¤Æªº¡u¤¬°Ê¼Ò¦¡¡v
¡·¡u¦¸¤å¤Æ¡vªº¥Í²£¹Lµ{
¡· ¹q¤l¶l¥ó»P°Q½×²M³æ
¡· ¥þ²y§G§iÄæ»P·s»D¸s²Õ¡]Usnet¡^»P¹q¤l§G§iÄæ¡]BBS¡^
¡· ¦P¨B²á¤Ñ«ÇIRC¡]Internet Relay chat¡^»Pªd¤ÚMUDs¡]Multi User Domain/ Dungeons¡^
¡· ¥þ²yºô¸ô¯¸¥x¡]World Wide Web¡^»P§Y®ÉµøÅ¥¤¬°Ê¤u¨ã¡]Real-time video and audio interaction tools¡^
¡· ¯u¹ê©ÎµêÀÀ¡HÀÀ¶H¡]Simulacrum¡^©Î¤Æ¨¡]Avatar¡^¡H°ÝÃD©Êªº²£¥Í¡X¦~ÄÖ¡B¨°ª¡BÅé«¡BªÀ·|¸gÀÙ»PºØ±Ú¡B©Ê§O¡C§PÂ_¾÷¨îªº½u¯Á»P®Ñ¼g·®æ¡C
¡· Online interaction creates new forms of deceit and new ways to establish identities. And despite the new freedoms of online interaction, old institutions and stereotypes are reproduced, sometimes in exaggerated forms. ¡]µù16¡^
¡· the double-edge of online interaction
²Å¸¹¡G±q·¾³q²Å¸¹ªº¨Ï¥Î¬ÝµêÀÀ¤å¤Æªº¡u¤å¤Æ¿ò²£¡v
¡· ·¾³q·®æªº°Æ²£«~¡X»´Á¡µu¤pªº·ÅÄÉÀy§Ó¤p«~¡B§N¯º¸Ü»P¤å¦r¹CÀ¸¡Bªí±¡²Å¸¹¡B¼s§i°Êµe¡B¬y¦æ¸ê°T¡B²Å¸¹®ø¶O¡C
¤T.
¹q¸£»²§U·¾³q¡]CMC¡^§@¬°µêÀÀ¤å¤Æªº¯S©Ê¡G±qBourdieuªº¤å¤ÆªÀ·|¾ÇÆ[ÂI±´°Q¤§¡]µù17¡^
²¤¶
¡· ¤j³¡¤À¹ï¹q¸£»²§U·¾³q¡]computer-mediated communication, CMC¡^©Ò§@ªº¬ã¨s³£§âCMCµø¬°¬O¡u¤u¨ã¡v¡]tool¡^¦Ó«D¡u«Øºc¥X¨ÓªºÀô¹Ò¡v¡]constructed environment¡^¡C¥u¦³¤Ö¼Æªº¤HÃþ¾Ç®a»PªÀ·|¾Ç®a±qÓÅ餬°Êªº¨¤«×¨ÓÀ˵ø¡u¹q¸£¤å¤Æ¡v¡]culture of computing¡^¡A¨Ã¬ã¨s¹q¸£¬ì§Þ¹ï¤HÃþ¦æ¬°»P¤¬°Ê©Êªº¼vÅT¡C
¡· ÁöµM¤HÃþ¾Ç®a»PªÀ·|¾Ç®a¶}±Ò¤FCMCªº¤å¤Æ¬ã¨s½dÃ¥¡A¦ý¯u¥¿±q²z½×±¨Ó±´°QCMCªº¬ã¨s«Ü¤Ö¡A¦]¦¹¡AÉ¥ÎPierre Bourdieuªº¤å¤ÆªÀ·|¾Ç²z½×¼Ò¦¡¨Ó¤ÀªRCMC´N¯S§O¨ã¦³·N¸q¡CBourdieuªº¤å¤ÆªÀ·|¾Ç»â°ì¥]¬A¤F¤HÃþ¾Ç¡BªÀ·|¾Ç¡Bõ¾Ç¥H¤Î·¾³qµ¥±¦VªºÄ³ÃD¡A¤w¼s¬°¦U¬É©Ò«µø»PÀ³¥Î¡C¦³¤@¸s§@ªÌ§âBourdieuªº¾Ç»¡µø¬°¡G¡u¬ã¨s·í¥Nªk°ê¾Ç³Nª¾ÃÑ¡B±M®a§Þ³N»P©x¹±Åv¤Oªº¥Í²£±¡ªp¡C¡v
¡· ¥»¤åº¥ý±N¬É©wCMCÀô¹Ò¬°¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¡AµM«á²³æ¦^ÅUBourdieuªº¾Ç»¡¡A½×z¡BÃþ¤ñ¬ÛÃö¬[ºc¡A³Ì«áµû¦ô¡BÁ`µ²¨ä¾A¥Î©Ê¡C
±N¹q¸£»²§U·¾³qµø¬°¤å¤Æ
¡· CMC¬O³z¹L¹q¸£»P·¾³qºôµ¸ªº°Ñ»PªÌª½±µ¥Î¨Ó¶Ç»¼°T®§¡]¥Dn¬°°T®§¡A¦ý¤£©w¬°°T®§¡^ªº¹Lµ{¡C³o¸Ìªº¹q¸£»²§U¤u¨ã¤£¥]¬Atelephony©Î¬Ocompressed video¡A¦ý¤£©w¥²¶·n³z¹LÁä½Lªº¿é¤J¤¶±¡C¦¹¥~¡A¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¥²¶··NÃѨì¦Û¤v¬O»P¹q¸£¬ì§Þ¤¬°Ê¨Ó¶Ç»¼°T®§¡A³q±`¬O¤å¦r°T®§¡A¦ý¤]¥i¯àµ²¦XÁnµ¡B¹Ï§Î¡Bµø°T¥\¯àªº¦¨¼ô¨Ï¥Î¡C
¡· ±q¨ã¦³Åv«Â©Ê½èªº¤u¨ã®Ñ©Î¬O¾Ç¬Éªº¬ã¨s©w¸q¤¤¥iµo²{¡A¥L̹ï©ó¡u¤å¤Æ¡vªºÆ[©À³q±`¬°¡G¤@ºØ¨ã¦³´¼ÃÑ»PÃÀ³N©Êªº¬¡°Ê¡A©Î¬O±q³o¨Ç»â°ì©ÒÀò±oªºª¾ÃÑ¡C
¡· ±NCMCµø¬°¬O¤@ºØ¤å¤Æªº½×ÂI¡A¥Dn¬O±q¤HÃþ¾Ç®a¹ï¤å¤Æ©Ò¤Uªº©w¸q¦Ó¨Ó¡A¤]´N¬O§â¤å¤Æ·í¦¨¬O§Î¶ì¤HÃþ¥Í¬¡ªº½Ñ¦h¹Lµ{»PÃö«Y¡CµM¦Ó³o¼Ëªº©w¸q¤SÅã±o¤Ó¼sªx¤F¡A§Ú̦³¥²n¦A±q¦UÓ½dÃ¥¤¤¥h´M§ä¨ä¦@³qªº¯S©Ê¡A¦Ò¹î©Ò±o¨ìªºµ²½×¬O¡G¤å¤Æ¬O·N¸qªº¶°¡]Á`¡^Åé³Ð³y¡A¤]´N¬O±j½Õ¤å¤Æ§@¬°¥DÆ[¸gÅ窺·P¨ü©Ê¡A¦Ó«D³æ¯Â«ÈÆ[ªº¥~¦b¹êÃÒ¹ï¶H¡C
¡· Bourdieu¨ü¨ì¤HÃþ¾Ç®aªº¼vÅT«Ü²`¡]¤å¤Æªº¤å©úÆ[ÂI¡^¡A¯S§O¬OKapferer§â¤å¤Æµø¬°¥Ñ®Ú²`¸¦©Tªº²ß«UºD©Ê¡]habitus¡^©Ò²Õ¦¨¡A¦Ó«D»ùȨú¦V©Î¦æ¬°ªº«ü¾É¼Ò¦¡¡C¦bBourdieuªº¾Ç»¡·í¤¤¡A¡u¤å¤Æ¡v¨ã¦³¬Û·í±j¯Pµ×^¶É¦V¡A¦]¬°³o¨Ç²Î»â¶¥¼h¡]dominant class¡^³Ì¨ã¦³¼vÅT¤å¤Æªº¯à¤O¡A¶i¦Ó¶ì³y¥X¡u¦³·N¸qªº¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡v¡C¬°¤F²z¸ÑBourdieuªº¤ÀªR¤º®e¡A§ÚÌ¥²¶·¥ý¤F¸ÑBourdieu©Ò±Ä¥Îªº¬ÛÃö§åµû³N»y¤§²`¼h·N¸q¡C
Bourdieu¤å¤ÆªÀ·|¾Ç¤¤ªº²z½×¬[ºc
¡· BourdieuªºªÀ·|¾Ç¼Ò«¬»PªÀ·|Ãö«Y¬O®Ú´Ó©ó°¨§J«äªº¶¥¯Å»P½Ä¬ð¡A¥L§â³o¼ËªºªÀ·|Ãö«Y¥Î¡u³õ°ì¡v¡]field¡^¤@µü¨Óªí¹F¡A¥ç§YªÀ·|Ãö«YªºÄvª§¨t²Î¬O®Ú¾Ú¤@®M¯S§OªºÅÞ¿è³W«h¨Ó¹B§@ªº¡C³õ°ì¬O²Î»â¶¥¼h»P¦ÚÄݶ¥¼h¤§¶¡ª§¹ÜÅv¤Oªºµo¥Í¦aÂI¡C²Î»â¶¥¼hªº¦Xªk©Ê¨Ó¦Û©ó¶H¼x¸ê¥»¡]symbolic capital¡^ªºÀò±o¡AÂǥѳo¨Ç¶H¼x¸ê¥»¡A¶¥¼h½Æ»sªº¦Xªk©Ê¤]¦]¦¹Ä~Äò©µÄò¤U¥h¡CBourdieuªº³õ°ì¤£¬O«ü³æ¤@ªº³õ°ì¡A¦Ó¬O¤é±`¥Í¬¡¤¤¥]¬A¥ð¶¢¡B®a®x¡B®ø¶O¡B¤u§@¡BÃÀ³N¥H¤Î¨ä¥L³õ°ìªº²ÎºÙ¡A¦b¤£¦Pªº³õ°ì·í¤¤¡A²Î»â¶¥¼h«h¤j¦P¤p²§¦a±q¨Æ¸ê¥»²Ö¿nªº¤u§@¡C
¡· ¥t¤@Ó«nªºµü·J¬O¡u²ß«UºD©Ê¡v¡]habitus¡^¡A·N«ü«á¤Ñ²ß±oªº¤@®M¨t²Î¹B§@¤è¦¡¡A¬O¦³·NÃÑ¡B¥i©ó¹ê»Ú¥Í¬¡¤¤¹îıªº°Ï¤À¼Ð·Ç¡A¶i¦Ó§Î¶ì¥Í¬¡¤¤ªº¦æ°Ê«ü¾Éì«h¡A²¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A´N¬OÓÅé©Ò¯à¤F¸Ñ¦b¥Í¬¡¥@¬Éªº¨º®M¡u¹CÀ¸³W«h¡v¡C³o¼Ëªº²ß«UºD©Ê¬O¥i¥H¥DÆ[¦a«Øºc¡A¦Ó«ÈÆ[¦a¥[¥H¹ê¬I¡A¤£¥²µM¬O¥D«È¹ï¥ßªº±¡ªp¡C
¡· Bourdieu¤£»{¬°ªÀ·|ªº§Î¦¡ªº¬O¨ü¨ì¨D¥Í¦sªº»Ý¨D©ÒÅX¨Ï¡A¦Ó¬O¦b¤£¦P³õ°ì¨ÌµÛ¤£¦P®ÉªÅªº²ß«UºD©Ê¦Ó²£¥ÍÃþ¦üªº¶¥¯Å½Ä¬ð¤§¶H¼x©Ê¦æ¬°¡A¬O±a¦³¥ô·N©ÊªºªÀ·|«Øºc¹Lµ{¡A¤£¬O¥\¯à©Êªº¨M©w¤è¦¡¡C¦p¦P³õ°ì©M²ß«UºD©Ê¥NªíµÛ¶¥¯Å½Ä¬ðµo¥ÍªºÀô¹Ò»P³W«h¡A¶H¼x¸ê¥»´N¬O²Î»â¶¥¼h±o¥H½Æ»s¤U¥hªº«n¡u¤u¨ã¡v¡]tool¡^¡C
¡· Bourdieuªº¸ê¥»¥]¬A¤F¸gÀÙ©M¤å¤Æªº¸ê¥»¡A°£¤F©µÄò°¨§J«ä©Ò½Íªº¸gÀٸꥻ¥~¡ABourdieuªº°^Äm¦b©ó´£¥X¤F¤å¤Æ¸ê¥»§@¬°¤@ºØÄvª§¯à¤O¡B«Ø¥ß¦Xªk©Êªº«n¤â¬q¡A¦Ó³o¨âÃþªº¸ê¥»¬O¥i¥H¤¬¬ÛÂà´«ªº¡CÁöµM¸gÀÙªº¸ê¥»¸û¨ã¦³¬y°Ê©Ê¡A¥i»´©ö¶Ç©Ó¤U¥h¡A¦ý¤å¤Æ¸ê¥»¤]¥i³z¹L±Ð¨|¨î«×ªº¨t²Î¦Ó³Ð³y¥X¥H¤å¾Ì§@¬°³f¹ôªº¥æ©ö¥«³õ¡C
¡· ¦bBourdieuªº¾Ç»¡¤¤¡A¸ê¥»¤§©Ò¥H¦³·N¸q¡A¬O¦]¬°¸ê¥»¦b¶¥¯Å«ùÄò°«ª§ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A§êºt¤FÁ|¨¬»´«ªº¨¤¦â¡C³z¹L¸ê¥»ªºÀò±o¡A²Î»â¶¥¯Å±o¥H¬I®i¶H¼x©Êªº¼É¤O¥H½T«O¨ä¦Xªk©Ê»P¥i½Æ»s©Ê¡C¦p¦P°¨§J«äªºÆ[©À¡A¶H¼x©Êªº¼É¤O·UÁô¦Ó¤£²{¡A·UµLªk¨ü¨ì¬D¾Ô¡A¨ä¶¥¯Å²Îªvªº¤O¶q´N·UÃe¤j¡ABourdieuºÙ³oÃþªº¶H¼x©Ê¼É¤O¬°¡u±Ð¾Çªk¦æ°Ê¡v¡]pedagogic action¡^¡C
¡· ¥Ñ¦¹¥iª¾¡ABourdieuªº¾Ç»¡¤£©ó¯Â²z½×ªº±´°Q¡AÁÙ±j½Õ¤@ºØ±Ð¾Çªº¦æ°Ê¹ê½î¡A¥ç§Y³z¹L¹ê»ÚªºÀ³¥Î¡A¨Óµo²{¯u¥¿¦s¦b©ó°ªµ¥±Ð¨|³õ°ì¤¤©Ò¶i¦æªº¶H¼x©Ê¸ê¥»»PÅv¤O¤§¥æ´«¬¡°Ê¡C¦P®É¤]´£¨Ñ§Ú̥Τå¤Æ»PªÀ·|¾Çªº¼Ò«¬¨Ó±´°QCMCªº¥i¦æ©Ê¡C
Bourdieu²z½×¬[ºc¤¤ªºCMC¬ã¨s
¡· Bourdieu¦bHomo Academicus¤@®Ñ¤¤¥ý±q»{Ãѽתº®Ú·½¥Xµo¡A¤Ï¬Ù¨ÃÀ˵ø¬ã¨s©Ò¦s¦³ªº¤º¦b¨î©Ê»P¤£¥iÁקKªº§Q¯qÆ[ÂI¡A¯S§O¬O¬ã¨sªÌ¥»¨ªº¯A¤J¡C¤]¦]¦¹¡A·í§Ú̧âCMC·í¦¨¤@ÓÀô¹Òªº®ÉÔ¡A¥²¶·¥ý»{ª¾¬ã¨sªÌ©Ò§êºtªº¤º¦b¨¤¦â¡A«ü¥Xþ¨Ç¬O¬ã¨sªÌÓ¤HªºÆ[ÂI¡C
¡· ¬°¤F®M¥ÎBourdieuªº²z½×¡A¹ê¦³¥²n¥ý»¡©ú¦bCMCªº¯ßµ¸·í¤¤¡A¼ç¦bªº³õ°ì¡]©Î¥i¯àªº¦¸n³õ°ì¡^¡B¶¥¯Å¡B²ß«UºD©Ê»P¶H¼x¸ê¥»¨s³º¬°¦ó¡HµM¦Ó¡A³oµ´«D¤@¥ó²³æªº¤uµ{¡A¥u¯à©h¥B´£¥X¼È®É¥i¦æªº©w¸q¡Aµ¥«Ý¥¼¨Ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¸gÅçÆ[¹î«á¡A¦A¦æקï¡C
¡· º¥ý¡A¥i¥H±N¨CÓCMCªº¨t²Î³£µø¬°Ó§O¤£¦Pªº³õ°ì¡A©ÎªÌ¡A¤]¥i¥H±N©Ò¦³ªºCMC´C¤¶¬Ý¦¨¤@ÓÁ`ªº³õ°ì¡A¦ÓÓ§OªºCMC¨t²Î¥u¬O·í¤¤Ó§Oªº¦¸n»â°ì¡C«áªÌÅãµM¤ñ¸û¾A¦X¡C¥Ñ©óBourdieu¹ï³õ°ì¤@µüªº¬É©w¬Û·í¼eÃP¡A¥un®e³\¶¥¼h¡B²ß«UºD©Ê©M¸ê¥»¹B§@ªº¦aÂI¡A³£¥i¥H§@¬°¼s¸qªº³õ°ì¡A¦]¦¹³o¼ËªºÉ¥ÎÀ³¸Ó¬O¥i¥H±µ¨üªº¡C¦Ü©ó¶¥¼h¦b¼s¸qªºCMC¯ßµ¸·í¤¤¡A«h¬O«ü¡G¦b¤£¦PCMC¨t²Î¤¤©Ò¾Ö¦³ªº±M·~§Þ³N¥H¤Î¸gÅçȪº¦h¹è¡A¦~¸ê·U¤[¡A´N·U¨ã¦³Åv«Â©Ê¡A¤]·U®e©ö²Ö¿n¨ä¤å¤Æ¸ê¥»¡A³o¬O«Ü«nªº¤@ÂI¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A·U¦§ë¤JCMC³oÓ³õ°ìªº¨t²Î¡]¦pWELL¡^¡B¤j¾Ç¡A¬Û¸û©ó¤@¨Ç±ßªñªº°Ó·~ºô¯¸¡]¦p¬ü°ê½u¤W¡^¡A½T¹ê¨ã¦³¸û°ªªº¾ú¥v¦a¦ì»Pª¾¦Wªº¶Ç²Î¡C·íµM¡A¨CÓ¨t²Î·í¤¤¤S¦³ÓÅé¼h¦¸¤Wªº¤£¦P¶¥¼h¦s¦b¡A³o¤]¬O®Ú¾Ú¨ä©Ò¾Ö¦³ªº¤å¤Æ¸ê¥»¨Ó¶i¦æ°Ï¤Àªº¡X¦´Áªº¹q¸£¨Ï¥ÎªÌ³q±`¬Oµ×^±Ú¸s¡A³o¨Ç¹q¸£µ×^¥]¬A¤F¹q¸£¬ì¾Ç®a¡Bºô¸ôpµe¬ã¨sªÌ¡A¦pARPANet¡A¤]´N¬O³o¨Ç¤H¨M©w¤F¡uºô»Úºô¸ô¡v¡]Internet¡^ªº¦WºÙ¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ¥]¬A¹q¸£·~¾l·R¦nªÌ¡Bºô¸ôÀb«È¡B¯ó®Ú©Êªº¹q¸£ºô¸ô¡]¦pFidoNet¡^©Î¬O«Ø¸m¹q¸£¨t²Î»Pºô¸ôªº¨º¸s¤H¡C1960¦~¥Nªº¤Ï¤å¤Æ¦æ°Ê¥D¸qªÌ¦]¬°µo²{¤FCMCªº¼vÅT¤O¡A¤]¥iºâ§@¬O²Ä¤@§åªºCMC±Ú¸s¡C³o¤@§å±Ú¸s°£¤F¦b¸gÀÙ¤W²Ö¿n¸ê¥»¥~¡A§ó¬O¿W¥e©Ê¦aÃbÂ_¤FCMC©Ò¦³ªº¤å¤Æ¸ê¥»¡C³z¹L°ê®a¤O¶qªº²o¨î¡ACMC¬O¨ã¦³°ª«×§Þ³N¡B¨Ï¥Î¥Øªº¨îªºªùÂe¡A·s¶iªÌ§ó¬O®e©ö¨ü¨ì¼J¯º»P§ðÀ»¡C
¡· §Q¥ÎBourdieu²z½×¨Ó½ÍCMC³Ì¤jªº°ÝÃD©Ê¦b©ó¡u²ß«UºD©Ê¡vªº·§©À¨Ï¥Î¡A¦]¬°³o²o¯A¨ì¤F¥DÆ[«Øºcªº¹Lµ{¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦pªG±q¡uCMC³N»y¡vªº¨¤«×¨Ó¬Ý¡A´N¤£Ãøµo²{³o¤@¾ã®Mªº»y¨¥¶Ç²Î©Ò«Øºc¥X¨ÓªººN¯Á¡B¾Ç²ß¹Lµ{¡C¥ú¬O±q®Ñ¬[¤W©ÒÂ\³]ªº¤@°ï±M¦³³N»yÃã¨å¡A«K¥i¤@¥Ø¤FµM¡A³o¤£¬O¨ä¥L´C¤¶¡]¦p¦¬µ¾÷¡B¹qµø¡^©Ò¯à¤ñÀÀªº¡C¸û¨ã¦³¥Nªí©ÊªºÃã·J¥]¬A¤F¡uºô³W¡v¡]netiquette¡^¡B¡u¼ö½|¡v¡]flaming¡^»P¨ã¦³ª[µø·N¨ýªº¡uºô¸ôµæ³¾¡v¡]newbie¡^¡C¦Ó³o¨Çµü·Jªº¤j¶q¶Ç»¼»P¨Ï¥Î¡A¦P®ÉÃÒ©ú¤FCMC³õ°ì¸Ì¦s¦bµÛ¤@®M¬J¦³ªº³W½d¥H¤Î¦UÃþ½ÆÂøªº¤å¤Æ¸ê¥»¹B§@²{¶H¡AÅv¤O¤§¶¡ªº¥D±qÃö«Y¥Ñ¦¹Åã¦Ó©ö¨£¡C
¡· ¥»¬ã¨s¥u¬O©ß¿j¤Þ¥É¦a´£¥X¤@Óªì¨B©Êªº¬Ýªk¡A¤´¦³«Ý¥¼¨Ó¬ã¨sªÌ¦b¹ê»Ú¸gÅç¤WªºÀ˵ø¡C
°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ
µù1¡G¡m²©ú¤j^¦Ê¬ì¥þ®Ñ¡n¡]Concise
Encyclopædia Britannica¡^¡C¥x¥_¥«¡G
»OÆW¤¤µØ¡A 1988¡C
µù2¡G¡m¤¤°ê¤j¦Ê¬ì¥þ®Ñ¡n¡]¥¿Åé¦rª©¡^¡C¥x¥_¥«¡GÀA¸¡A1992¡C
µù3¡G±i¥ÁªY¡C¡qMUD¡B¤å¤Æ¡B»P
MUD ¤å¤Æ¡r¡C¡]http://cindy.cis.nctu.edu.tw/MUD/97/annihilator.txt¡^¡A2002/10/19
µù4¡G¼BÀR©É¡C¡q±q¹ê»Ú¨ìµêÀÀ¡A±q¤£¥iÅܨì¥iÅÜ¡Gºô¸ô®É¥Nªº¨¤À»{¦P¡B¤H§ÚÃö«Y»P³W½d¹B§@¡r¡C¡]http://cindy.cis.nctu.edu.tw/MUD/99/papers/liu1.html¡^2002/10/19
µù5-9¡G¶À«p»Ê¡C¡q±¨ã»P¤H®æ»{¦P¡Xºô¸ôªº¤H»ÚÃö«Y¡r¡C¡]http://cindy.cis.nctu.edu.tw/MUD/99/papers/huang1.txt¡^2002/10/19
µù10-15¡GChris Knaus. ¡§Twang in Cyberspace: How
One Music-related Online Community Blurs the Line between ¡¥Real¡¦ and
¡¥Virtual¡¦.¡¨
¡]http://www.serviceleader.org/vv/culture/twang.html¡^2002/10/19
µù16¡GKollock, Peter and Marc Smith. ¡§Communities in Cyberspace.¡¨
¡]http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/faculty/kollock/papers/communities_01.htm¡^2002/10/19
µù17¡GºKĶ§ï¼g¦ÛLawley, Elizabeth Lane. ¡§The Sociology of Culture in Computer-Mediated Communication: An Initial Exploration.¡¨ ¡]http://www.itcs.com/elawley/bourdieu.html¡^, 2002/10/19
²Ä¤T³¡¤À
¦P¾Ç½Ò«e¤ß±o
«nµØ¥Xª©©Ò¬ã¤G¡@¡@§õÀR©y
¡@¡@µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¬O«Øºc¦bºô¸ô¥@¬É¤¤ªº¹ÎÅé¡A¦p¦P¤@¯ëªÀ°Ï¤@¼Ë¡A¤H»P¤Hªº·¾³q¤¬°Ê¡A¬O³Ì«nªº³¡¤À¡C²¦³º¤HÃþ¬O¸s©~°Êª«¡A§Y¨Ï¦bµêÀÀ¯EÃvªººô®ü¤¤¡A¤]§Æ¾¬»P¤Hªº¥æ¬y¡C³o¥æ¬y¤]³\¤£¬OÂù¦Vªº¡A´N¹³¦³¤H©l²×¤£²ßºD»P¯À¬N¥¥Íªº¯¥Í¤H¦bºô¤W«Ø¥ß¤Í½Ë¡A¦ý«o¤£±Æ¥¸¬Æ¦Ü»Ýn¦bµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤¤À¨É§O¤Hªº·N¨£»P·Qªk¡C
¡@¡@¥i¥H»¡¡A¥un²ßºD¤Fºô¸ô«á¡A¶i¤JµêÀÀªÀ°Ï´X¥G¬O¥²µMªº¨Æ¡C§ó¦³¤H¬O¦]¬°µêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A¤~¶}©lÂH¤Wºô¸ôªº¡C
¡@¡@³ßÅw¬YÓ§@®a©Î²y¶¤ªº¤H¡A¦bµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤¬Ý¨ì§Ó¦P¹D¦Xªº¹Ù¦ñ¡A¹y®Éı±o¡u§^¹D¤£©t¡v¡F·Q¶RÓ«O¾i«~©Î¶R¥x¼Æ¦ì¬Û¾÷¡A¤]·|¥hBBS¬Ý¬Ý§O¤H«ç»ò»¡¡A¥H§@¬°°Ñ¦Ò¡C¦A¥[¤W¡AµêÀÀªÀ°Ïªº§Y®É©Ê¡B¸ó¦a°ì¡B°Î¦W©Ê¡A§ó¼W²K¤F¥¦ªº°g¤H¡C
¡@¡@Á`¤§¡AµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¬O¶Kªñ¬Y³¡¤À¤H©Êªº²£ª«¡A³z¹Lºô¸ô±o¨ì¤F·¥¤jªº¹ê²{¡C
¡@¡@¥¦ªº¯«©_¦b©ó¬ì§Þªº³¡¤À¡A¥¦©Ò²£¥Íªº¤@¤Á°ÝÃD©Î§Q¯q¡A¨ä¹ê´N¬O®Ú·½©ó¤H©Ê¡Ð¡ÐµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¤£¬OµêÀÀ¤Hª«¡AÁÙ¬O²{¹ê¤¤ªº¤H°Ú¡C
¡@¡@´N¹³¡u©ö¹Fºô¡v±Mª©¤¤¤ß²ÎÄw½s¿èRicardo©Ò»¡ªº¡G¡u²{¦b³oÓºô¸ô¥@¬É¡A¥¦·|³o»ò²V¶Ã´N¬O¦]¬°¹êÅé¥@¬Éì´N¬O«D±`ªº¦h¤¸¤Æ¡C¤£ºÞ¤°»ò¼Ëªº¤HºØ¡Bөʳ£·|¦bºô¸ô¤W¥X²{¡Cºô¸ô¨ä¹ê´N¬O¤@±Ãè¤l¡A¬O¹êÅé¥@¬Éªº¥t¤@±Ãè¤l¡C¡v
¡@¡@§Ú²`¦³¦P·P¡C
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«nµØªÀ·|©Ò¬ã¤G ¼B¿P«C
ªÀ°Ïªº©w¸q
¦ó¿×ªÀ°Ï©O¡HÁöµM¡uªÀ°Ï¡v¤@µüÁöµM¤w¸g¦¨¬°ªÀ·|¤j²³¥Í¬¡¤¤±`¥Îªºµü¥y¡A¦ý¬OªÀ°Ïªº©w¸q«o¬O¥¼¥²²M·¡¡Q¤j³¡¥÷ªº¤H¹ïªÀ°Ïªº¸ÑÄÀ³£¬O±q¦a²z¤Wªº©w¸q¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡A»{¬°¦@¦P¥Í¬¡¦b¦P¤@Ó§ø²ø¡B¦P¤@´É¤½´J¡B¦P¤@±øµó¹D¡B¦P¤@Ó°Ï°ì¡A´Nºâ¬O¤@ÓªÀ°Ï¡C
¥H¤Wªº»¡ªk§Ṳ́£¯à»¡¥¦¬O¿ùªº¡A¦ý¥¦ªº¸ÑÄÀ¹ê¦b¬O¤Ó¹L·§¬A¤F¡C¡uªÀ°Ï¡v¤@µü±q^¤åªºcommunity¤¤Ä¶¦Ó¨Ó¡C¦¹µü·½¦Û©Ô¤B¦r(communis)¡A·N«ü¦PM©Î«ü¦@¦PªºÃö«Y¤Î·Pı¡A즳¡uªÀ¸s¡vªº·N¸q¡A¤é¥»Â½Ä¶¦¨¡u¦@¦PÅé¡v§ó¶Ç¯«¦aÂI¥X¦a²z¯S©Ê¤£¬OªÀ°Ï«nªº±ø¥ó¡C¡]µù1¡^
George
A. Hillery´¿¬ã¨s94Ó©w¸q¡AÂk¯Ç¥XªÀ°Ïªº§t¸q¡AÀ³¥]¬A¤TÓn¯À¡G¦a²z°Ï°ì¡B¦@¦PÃö«Y¡BªÀ·|¤¬°Ê¡C¦ÓªF§d¤j¾Ç®}¾_±Ð±Â¹ïªÀ°Ïªº©w¸q´£¥X¦p¤Uªº»¡ªk¡G¡uªÀ°Ï¬O©~¦í©ó¬Y¤@¦a²z°Ï°ì¡A¨ã¦³¦@¦PÃö«Y¡AªÀ·|¤¬°Ê¤ÎªA°ÈÅé¨tªº¤@Ó¤H¸s¡C¡v
(1)¦í©ó¬Û·í¾F±µªº¦a°Ï¡A©¼¦¹±`¦³©¹ªð¡C
(2)¨ã¦³Y¤z¦@¦Pªº§Q¯q¡A©¼¦¹»Ýn¤ä´©¡C
(3)¨ã¦³Y¤z¦@¦PªºªA°È¡G¦p¥æ³q¡B¾Ç®Õ¡B¥«³õµ¥¡C
(4)±Á{Y¤z¦@¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡G¦p¸gÀÙªº¡B½Ã¥Íªº¡B±Ð¨|ªºµ¥¡C
(5)²£¥ÍY¤z¦@¦Pªº»Ýn¡G¦p¥Í¬¡ªº¡B¤ß²zªº¡BªÀ·|ªºµ¥¡C
¥un¨ã³Æ³o¨Ç©Î¨ä¤¤¤@³¡¥÷±ø¥óªº¤@Ó¤H¸s¡A§Y¥iºÙ¤§¬°¤@ÓªÀ°Ï¡C
°ê¥ß¥æ³q¤j¾Ç¤H¤åªÀ·|¾Ç°|°|ªø³¯¨ä«n±Ð±Â¹ïªÀ°Ï«h¦³§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¬Ýªk¡A¥L»{¬°¡G¡uªÀ°Ïªº¥»·N¤ñ¸û±µªñ¡yªÀ¸s¡z©Î¡y¦@¦PÅé¡zªº§t¸q¡A¥¦¬J«D³æ¯ÂªºªÅ¶¡¦a°ì³æ¦ì¡A¤]«D¦æ¬FÅé¨tªº¤@Àô¡A¥¦À³¸Ó¬O«ü¤@¸s¨ã¦³¦@ÃѪºªÀ·|³æ¦ì¡A©Ò¿×¦@ÃѤ]´N¬O¡yªÀ°Ï·NÃÑ¡z¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤@ÓªÀ°Ï·íµM«üªº¬O¡y¤H¡z¦Ó«D¡y¦a¡z¡F¬O¡yªÀ¸s¡z¦Ó«D¡yªÅ¶¡¡z¡C¡v¡]µù2¡^
µù1¡G«ÌªF¿¤¤å¤Æ§½¡VªÀ°Ïªº©w¸q
µù2¡G]http://www.ccea.org.tw/leader/98spcom1.htm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«nµØ¥Xª©©Ò¬ã¤G
³¢«ÅøÎ
ºô¸ô¤H©Ê¤Æ¡H¤H©Êºô¸ô¤Æ¡H
¦³¤@«h¿Ø¨ëªº´J¨¥¯º¸Ü¬O³o»ò»¡ªº¡G¸Ü»¡¥~¬P¤Hªì¨ì¦a²y³o¶ôÄ_¦a¡A¬Ý¨ì¤@¸s©_©Çªº¡uª«Åé¡v¥]³òµÛ¥t¤@¸s¯S®íªº¡u¥Íª«¡v¦b¬¡°Ê¡A¦n©_ªº¥~¬P¤H©ó¬O¶}©l¶i¦æ¥Ð³¥½Õ¬d¡A¸g¹L¼ÆӤ몺¥J²ÓÆ[¹î«á¡A¥~¬P¤H«KÂk¯Ç¦¨¤@¥÷³ø§i¡A¤º®e«ü¥X¡G¦a²y¤W¦s¦bµÛ¤@¸s¯S§Oªº¡u¥Íª«¡v¥s°µ¡u¨T¨®¡v¡A¨äÁc¦hªººØÃþ¡B¥~Æ[»P°ª¶Wªº©Ê¯à¡B§Þ³N¡A¯u¬O¤F¤£°_¡C¤£¹L³o¸s¡u¨T¨®¡vªº¨ÃäÁ`¬O¸òÀHµÛ¥t¤@¸s©_©Çªº¡uª«Åé¡v¡A¥s°µ¡u¤HÃþ¡v¡A¤£¶È¥\¯à©Ê®t¡Bµ²ºc²ÊÁW¡B®Ú¥»µL¨t²Î³W«h¥i¨¥¡C¦]¦¹¡Aªì¨B§PÂ_³o¨Ç¡u¤HÃþ¡v¬O¨ÌªþµÛ¡u¨T¨®¡v¦Ó³Q¨Ï¥Îªº§C¶¥¤u¨ã©Î¬O¤@ºØ±H¥ÍÂΡC
¬G¨Æ¥EÅ¥¤Uı±o¦n¯º¤S¥i´d¡A¦ý¬O·íºô¸ô¤¤ªºµêÀÀ¥@¬É¤J«I©ÎÆ^´O¦b§ÚÌ©Ò³Bªº¯u¹êªÀ·|«á¡AÃø«OÃþ¦üªº±¡¸`¤£·|µo¥Í¡CÁö»¡¨S¦³¤HÄ@·N·í¾÷±ñ©Îºô¸ôªº³ÈÀw¡AµM¦Ó¤HÃþÊ¿à¾÷±ñ¡Bºô¸ô¦Ó¥Í¬¡«o¬O¤£ª§ªº¨Æ¹ê¡C§@¬°¤HÃþ¥Í¬¡¤¤¤£¥i¤À³Îªº¤@³¡¤À¡A§Ú̹ï©óºô¸ôªº½Ñ¦h¯S©Ê»P¼vÅT¡AY«D´ýµM¤£Ä±¡A«K¬O¦³«ÝºN¯Á¡C¦p¦P¦´Áªº¤HÃþ¦b¦ÛµMªºÀô¹Ò¤U¥Í¬¡¡A³vº¥µo®i¥X¬¼Ây¥H¦Ü©ó¹A¯ÑªºªÀ·|«¬ºA»P¤å¤Æ¡AÀHµÛªÀ·|¤é¯q¤À¤Æ¡B¨î«×³W³¹·U§ÎÁc½Æ¡A¤HÃþªº¬¡°Ê¡B«ä·Q¥H¤Îªí¹F¤è¦¡³£¦³¤F¤£¦P©ó¥H©¹ªº¹B§@¼Ò¦¡¡C
ºô¸ô§@¬°¤@ºØ¹ñ·s¦Ó¨ã¦³¥Í©R¤Oªº¤u¨ã¡Aºòºò¦a®»¦í¤F¤HÃþ¼çÂé󤺤ߪº´÷±æ¡A¦P®Éº¡¨¬¤F¤HÃþ¸õ²æ¨Åé¨î¹F¨ìºë¯«¸Ñ©ñªº¹Ú·Q¡C¥u¤£¹L¥¿·í§Ú̳³¾K©ó·s¬ì§Þ©Ò±a¨Óªº«K§Q¡AµL§Î¤¤¤]©Ó¨ü¤F¨¤ßÆF¥¨Åܪº½Õ¾AÀ£¤O¡C¡uµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡vªº§Î¦¨¡B¡uµêÀÀ¤å¤Æ¡vªºµo®i¡A²ö¤£®É®É¨è¨è¦a´£¿ô§ÚÌ©ZµM±µ¨ü³o¤@¤Á§ïÅÜ¡C§Ú̧Q¥Îºô¸ô¹F¦¨¤HÃþì¥ý©ÒµLªk§JªAªº¨Åé·¥¡A¦pµøıªº©µ¦ù¡BťıªºÂX¥R¡A¦ü¥Gºô¸ô»P¤HÃþ¬O¤@Ó¬Û¤¬¼Ò¥éªº¹Lµ{¡A¾¨ºÞ¤]¦³³¡¥÷«Å|¡BÄvª§¡A¦ýµ´¤£¥i¯à§¹¥þ¨ú¥N¡C
³o»¡©ú¤F¤°»ò¡H«á²{¥N¥@¬Éªº¯u¥¿¨Ó¨ì¡H§í©Î¬O¬î¤Ñ¨ÓÁ{«eªº¤@°¦©t¿P¡H½Ö¯à¹w·Qªº¨ì·íªìµo©ú¤F²Ä¤@½ø¨T¨®¡A¦p¤µ«o½¯©µ¦¨ÅK¸ô¡B±¶¹B»jµïºô¯ëªº¤j²³¥æ³q¨t²Î¡H¹q¸£»Pºô¸ôªºÃö«Y¥¿¬O¦p¦¹¡C¡uµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡v©Î¡uµêÀÀ¤å¤Æ¡v±aµ¹§ÚÌ«ä¦Òªº¯u¥¿Ä³ÃD¡A®£©È¤£¬O¥Î§Ú̥ثe¹ï¡uªÀ°Ï¡v¡B¡u¤å¤Æ¡vªº·§©À©Ò¯à°÷²z¸Ñªº¡C¤ð¹ç»¡ºô¸ô§ó¹³¬O¤@±µêÀÀªºÃè¤l¡A¤Ï¬M¤F§Ú̬J¦³ªº¤ßÆFµ²ºc»P¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¡A±q³o±Ãè¤l¸Ì¡A§Ú̬ݨì¤F§ó¦hÃö©ó¤HÃþ¥¼¨Óªº¥i¯à©Ê¡A¦Ó¤£¬O·í¤Uªº«äºû®Ø¬[¡C¤£µM´N·|¾x¥X¹³¥~¬P¤H¬Ý¦a²y¤@¼Ëªº¯º¸Ü¡A©¿²¤¤F¤H¦bµêÀÀ¥@¬É¥i¯à§êºtªº¨¤¦â»P¼ç¤O¡C
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«nµØªÀ·|©Ò¬ã¤@
¤ý¸U³Ç
¡uªÀ°Ï¡v¤@µü±q^¤åªºcommunity¤¤Ä¶¦Ó¨Ó¡C¦¹µü·½¦Û©Ô¤B¦r(communis)¡A·N«ü¦PM©Î«ü¦@¦PªºÃö«Y¤Î·Pı¡A즳¡uªÀ¸s¡vªº·N¸q¡A¤é¥»Â½Ä¶¦¨¡u¦@¦PÅé¡v§ó¶Ç¯«¦aÂI¥X¡u¦a²z¯S©Ê¡v¤£¬OªÀ°Ï«nªº±ø¥ó¡C¥¦À³¸Ó¬O«ü¤@¸s¨ã¦³¦@ÃѪºªÀ·|³æ¦ì¡A©Ò¿×¦@ÃѤ]´N¬O¡yªÀ°Ï·NÃÑ¡z¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤@ÓªÀ°Ï·íµM«üªº¬O¡y¤H¡z¦Ó«D¡y¦a¡z¡F¬O¡yªÀ¸s¡z¦Ó«D¡yªÅ¶¡¡z¡C§Ú»{¬°¦b·í¥NªÀ·|¾Ç¤¤¹ï¡u¨t²Î¡v©Î¡uÃö«Y¡vªºÃöª`¡A¤]¬O¦bª«½èªº°ò¦¤W¹ï¡u·NÃÑ¡vªºÃöª`¡B¹ï¡uªÀ¸s¡vªºÃöª`¡C
¡uµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡vªº¬ã¨s¤]¥H¦¹¬°«e´£§@°Q½×¡A«h¡uµêÀÀ¡vY«ü¡uºô¸ô¥@¬É¡vªº¸Ü¡A«h¡u¥@¬É¡v³o¤@¡u¦a²z¯S©Ê¡H¡vÀ³¤£¬OªÀ°Ïªº³Ì«n±ø¥ó¡C«nªº¬O¹êÅé¥@¬É¤¤¦U¦¡¦U¼Ëªº¤H³z¹L·sªº¸ê°T´C¤¶¡A¡u·NÃÑ¡v¦í©ó¬Û·í¾F±µªº¦a°Ï¡H©¼¦¹±`¦³©¹ªð¡F¨ã¦³Y¤z¦@¦Pªº§Q¯q¡A©¼¦¹»Ýn¤ä´©¡F¨ã¦³Y¤z¦@¦PªºªA°È¡F±Á{Y¤z¦@¦Pªº°ÝÃD¡F²£¥ÍY¤z¦@¦Pªº»Ýn...µ¥µ¥¡A«Ø¥ß©¼¦¹¡uªÀ°Ï·NÃÑ¡v¡C
¡uµêÀÀ¤å¤Æ¡v´N¹³¶Ç²ÎªÀ·|¶i¤J²{¥NªÀ·|¤@¼Ë¡A§Ṳ́£¥iÁקKªº·|§â쥻ªº¤å¤Æ±a¤J¡A§Q¥Î¬ì§Þº¡¨¬¤å¤Æ¤¤§Ú̪º»Ýn¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¦W¤ù...µ¥¡^¡A¦ý¦æ°Ê®É¤]³vº¥¦Ò¶qºô¸ô¥@¬É³o¤@µ²ºcªº¯S©Ê¡C
¡u¦h¤u§@·~¡v³o¤@»Pªñ¥N¦è¤è¬ì¾Ç¡uºtö¡v»P¡uÂk¯Ç¡v««ª½ªºÅÞ¿è¤ô¥ªº«ä¦Ò»P¡u®e³\¡v¤£¦X²zªº¦s¦b¡A¨Ï·í¥N¦è¤èªÀ·|³v¨B¨«¦V«ä·Q·s»â°ì¡C¥Ñ¦¹©µ¦ùªº¦æ°Ê¤è¦¡§Ú»{¬°¡y²V¶Ã¡z©Î¡y´ý¨P¤£©ú¡z±N¬O«nªº¶b½u¡A¦³§U©ó¥´¯}¡uÅKªº¨cÅ¢¡v¤¤¤Þ°_¾Ôª§ªº¡u°¾¨£¡v¡C¦ý¤]¥i¯à¯}Ãaªº¤Ó¹ý©³¡A¨Ï¥Ø«e³h¥Fªº¤ßÆF§óµL©Ò¨Ì«ü¦]¦¹¡u©v±Ð¡v¥i¯à±N¬O»ÝÀÀ¤å¤Æ¤¤«nªº¤@Àô¡C
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«nµØªÀ·|©Ò¬ã¤@ ³¯¶®§g
µêÀÀªÀ°ÏªººØÃþÁc¦h¡A¦³¹q¤l¶l¥ó¡]e-mail¡^¡B¹q¤l§G§iÄæ¡]BBS¡^¡B·s»D°Q½×¸s²Õ¡]Newsgroup¡^¡B¡B¡B¡C§Ú·Q´N¹q¤l§G§iÄæ¡A¤]´N¬O¨CӾǮժºBBS¯¸»¡¤@»¡§Ú¦Û¤vªº·Pı¡C
´X¥G²{¦bªº¨C¤@ӾǮճ£¦³¤@ÓBBS¯¸¡A´£¨Ñ³\¦h°Q½×°Ï¡Aµ¹¯¸¤ºªº¦P¾Ç¤¬¬Û°Q½×¡A¦ýBBS¯¸¤Wªº¦¨û¡A¤£«D¥þ¬O¨ºÓ¾Ç®Õªº¾Ç¥Í¡C¦b¤j¾Ç®É¡A¥un¦³ªÅ¡A§Ú¤]·|¤W¥h®Ì¤@®Ì¡A±y´å©ó¦UÓ°Q½×°Ï¤§¶¡¡A³o³vº¥Åܦ¨¤F¤@ºØ²ßºD¡C
H.Rheingpldru±NµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¬É©w¬°¡G¤@¸s¥DnÂǵ۹q¸£ºô¸ô©¼¦¹·¾³qªº¤HÌ¡A©¼¦¹¦³¬YºØµ{«×ªº»{ÃÑ¡A¤À¨É¬YºØµ{«×ªºª¾ÃÑ©M¸ê°T¡B¬Û·íµ{«×¦p¦P¹ï«Ý¤Í¤H¯ë©¼¦¹ÃöÃh¡A©Ò§Î¦¨ªº¹ÎÅé¡C´N³o¼Ëªº¬É©w¨Ó»¡¡ABBS¯¸¥i¥H»¡¬O¤@ӳ̰ò¥»ªºµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A¨ã¦³¤Wz©Ò¥\¯à¡CBBS¯¸´£¨Ñ¤F¤@Ӿǥ͹ï©ó¾Ç®Õ²£¥Í»{¦Pªº¤@Ó¾÷¨î¡A¦ý¯u¦³¨ã¦³¡u»{¦P¡v¡H¯¸¤Wªº¦¨û¨Ã¤£¥þµM¬O³oӾǮժº¾Ç¥Í¡A¥L̶i¨Ó³oӾǮժºBBS¯¸ªº¥Øªº¬°¦ó¡H¤]¬O§Ú·Qª¾¹Dªº¡C
¦b¤@Ó¼ô±xªºBBS¯¸¡A¹J¨ìªº´X¥G³£¬O¤@¨Ç»{ÃѪº¤H¡A§çµo¦Û¤v±¡·P®É©Òµoªíªº¤å³¹Ãø§K·|³Q§O¤H©Ò¸ß°Ý»P°Q½×¡A´N§Ú¦Ó¨¥¡A³o¤@ºØ·Pı¬O«Ü¤£¦nªº¡A©Ò¥H§Ú·|Âà¦V§OªºBBS¯¸µo®i¡A¦b¤@Ó¯¥ÍªºÀô¹Ò¤§¤U¡A±q·s¶}©l¡A¨®Ç³£¬O¤@¨Ç¯¥Í¤H¡A©Î³\³o¼Ë´N¥i¥HºZ©Ò±ý¨¥¡A¤£¥ÎÅU§Ò§O¤Hªº¬Ýªk¡C³o«Ü¦³½ì¡A°²¦p§Ú̧⨮dz£¬O¼ô±x¤HªºBBS¯¸¬Ý¦¨¬O²{¹êªÀ·|¡A§Úª¾¹D³oÓ¤ñ³ë¦³ÂI©_©Ç¡A¦ý°ò¥»¤W³£¬O¤@¨Ç¼ô±xªº¤H³o¤@ÂI¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡A§âÂà©ó§OªºBBS¯¸¬Ý¦¨¬OµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A¨º§Ú·Qª¾¹Dªº¬O¬°¤°»ò¤H̦b§çµo¦Û¤v±¡·P®Én°jÁ×¼ô±x¤H¡A¦ÓÂà¦V¯¥Í¤H¡H²{¹ê¤¤ªº¼ô±xÅܦ¨¯¥Í¡A¦ÓµêÀÀ¤¤ªº¯¥Í¤H«oÅܦ¨¼ô±x¡A³o¬O§_¬O¤@ºØ¥»¥½Ë¸mªº±¡ªp¡H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
¤¤¥¿¹q¶Ç©Ò
§E¤p¬Â
ºôµ¸Å޿誺¥X²{
¦pªG»¡¡A¤@¶µ·sªº¶Ç¼½´CÅé¥X²{¡A¥i¥HÀHµÛ¤£¦Pªº¯S©Ê¥H§ïÅܤHªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¡A¨º»òºô¸ôªº¥X²{¹ï©ó¤HÃþªº«ä¦Ò©M¦æ¬°¯u¬O²ö¤jªº§ïÅÜ¡C¦Û¥jÄ˳ù²©R«á¡A¤H̱q¤f»y¶Ç¼½¨ì¤å¦r¶Ç¼½ªº½u©Ê«ä¦Ò¡A«K«Ü±j½Õ©Ò¿×ªº½u©ÊªºÅÞ¿è«ä¦Ò¡Aº¸«á¡A¹q¤l´CÅ骺¥X²{¡A±j¤Æ¤F¤H̪º¹Ï¶H«ä¦Ò¡A¹ï©ó½u©ÊªºÅÞ¿è«ä¦Ò«K¤£¦A±j½Õ¡A¦p³\¦h³sÄò¼@³£¬O«á¨Óº©µe§ï½s¦Ó¦¨¡F¦Óºô¸ô¤W«D½u©Êªº³sµ²¡A¦pHyperlink§Yºôµ¸©Êªº³sµ²¡A«P¨ÏµÛ§Ú̺ôµ¸¤Æªº«ä¦ÒÅÞ¿è¡A¤£½×¬O¦b¾\Ū¤W¡B¹ï¸Ü¤¤¡A±`¬O¸õÅD¦¡ªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¡C
¦]¬°¬ì§Þªº¨Ï¥Î¡A§ïÅܤF¤H»P¤Hªº«ä¦Ò¼Ò¦¡¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O·¾³qªº¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡¡C©Î³\¦b³\¦hºô¸ôªÀ¸s¤¤ªº¬ã¨s°Q½×ªº¬O°Î¦W¥B¥Ñºô¸ô¤W»E±Úªº¸sÅé¡A¦ý§Ṳ́]¥i¥H±q¹ê»ÚªÀ¸s¤¤·h²¾¦Üºô¸ôªÀ¸sªº²{¶H¡A¥¿¬O¤H»Ú·¾³qªºÂàÅÜ¡C¥H©¹¦P¯Z¦P¾Ç¦b½Ò°ó¤§«á¡AYn³q°T¡A¥u¦³Âǥѹq¸Ü¶i¦æ¤@¹ï¤@ªº·¾³q¼Ò¦¡¡A¦ý¥Ñ©óBBSªº¥X²{©ME-mailªº¹B¥Î¡A¨Ï±o¦P¾Ç¤§¶¡ªº¾Ç²ß¦Û½Ò°ó±Ð«Ç¤¤©µÄò¨ìºô¸ôªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡A¤£½×¬O¯Âºé¶¢²á©Î¬O°Q½×½Ò·~¡B¤¬³q¸ê°T¼Wªøª¾ÃÑ¡A¦]µÛºô¸ôªº«K±¶¤¬°Ê§ó¯à±a°Ê½u¤W¾Ç²ßªº°Ê¾÷¡C
¶ÈºÞ³\¦h¤H·|»{¬°¬ì§Þ¬O¤¤¥ßªº¡A¦ý¥¦ÁÙ¬OµLªk²æÂ÷¤HÃþªº¨Ï¥Î¡F¥Ñ©ó¤HÃþ¨Ï¥Î¬ì§Þ¥Ã»·¬O»P¬Fªvªº¡B¹D¼wªº¡B¾ú¥vªº©M¸gÀÙªº¨Ó¨M©w¨Ï¥Î±¡ªp¡C¤ô¯à¸ü¦à¥ç¯àÂЦà¡Aºô¸ôY³Qµø¬°¤@¶µ¾Ç²ß¤u¨ã¡A·íµM¥i«P¶i§ó¬°«K±¶ªº¾Ç²ß¤è¦¡¡A¦ý²{¦bªºE¥@¥N«C¦~¹ï©ó¹B¥Îºô¸ô¾Ç²ßªº¾÷·|«o¤Ö©ó½u¤W¹CÀ¸©Î²á¤Ñ«Çªº³r¯d¡A³o¼Ëªº¼~¤ß¨Ã«D¤@©w±o¾Ø¥ïºô¸ô±a¨Óªº¾Ç²ß¦M¾÷¦Ó©Úµ´«C¤Ö¦~¨Ï¥Îºô¸ô¡A¦Ó¬O§ó¶i¤@¨B±o«ä¯Áªº¬On¦p¦ó»²¾É«C¤Ö¦~¨Ï¥Îºô¸ô¦Ó«D³Qºô¸ô©Ò¥£§Ð¤F¡C
²á¤Ñ«Çªº¥æ¤Í¼Ò¦¡¬O¦³²§©ó¥H©¹§Ú̳z¹L¾Ç®ÕªÀ¹Î©Î¤£¦P§Q¯q¹ÎÅé©Ò»{ÃѪºªB¤Í¡A³\¦h¤H·|¨I·Ä©ó²á¤Ñ«Çªº¥æ¤Í±¡¹Ò¡A½T¹ê¤]¬O¦b³oµêÀÀªº±¡¹Ò¤¤¦³µÛ³\¦h°g¤H¤§³B¡A¦]¬°¬Ý¤£¨ì¹ï¤è©ó¬O¦³µÛ§ó¦hªº·Q¹³¡F³z¹L¤å¦rªºÅ]¤O¡A¨Ï±o¹ï¤è§ó¯àÁA¸Ñ¦Û¤wªº¥t¤@±¡F©Î¬O»{¬°³oÓµêÀÀªºªÅ¶¡¸Ì¡A¤Ï¥¿¨Ã«D¯u¹ê¡A§ó¯à°÷ºZ©Ò±ý¨¥¡A¥H§çµo¦Û§Úªº±¡ºü¡C´N¯Â¬°¤@¦ìºô¸ôªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦Ó¨¥¡A¥iÆ[¹î¤§³B¶È¤î©ó¦¹¡FY¹ï¤@¦ìºô¸ô¤å¤ÆªºÆ[¹îªÌ¨Ó»¡¡A©Î³\ºô¸ô¤¤¦Û§Ú»{¦P¡B·¾³q¦æ¬°¼Ò¦¡·|¬O¦b·í«e¬ì§Þ¤U¡AÁA¸ÑµêÀÀªÀ¸s¤£¿ùªº¬ã¨s¨ú¦V¡C
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
¤¤¥¿¹q¶Ç©Ò
ªL©Ó½å
ºô¸ôªÀ·|»Pºô¸ô¤å¤Æ
±q¨âºØºô¸ô¹CÀ¸¨Ó¬Ý¡A¦ü¥G¥i¥NªíCMC¤Îºô¸ôªÀ·|¨ú¥N²{¹êªÀ·|Ãö«Yªº¤£¦Pµ{«×¡A©Î¥i±q¤¤¿s±oªÀ·|¹q¤l¤Æ¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¤HÌ©ó¨ä¤¤¦p¦ó¥Í¦s¤ÎªÀ·|Ãö«Yªº¼Ë»ª¬°¦ó¡C
®É¤U·¦æªººô¸ô¹CÀ¸¥i²Ê¤À¬°¨âºØ¡A¤@ºØ¬O¥Ñ´X¦ìª±®a¶i¤J¦P¤@¦Û¦æ³]©wªº³õ¦a¶i¦æ¹CÀ¸ªº¡A¥i¥Ñ°Ï°ìºô¸ô(LAN)©Î§Q¥ÎInternet§ä´M¨ä¥Lª±®a©Î³s±µ¦Ü¯S©w´£¨Ñ´C¦Xªº¦øªA¾¹ªº¤è¦¡¶i¦æ¹CÀ¸¡A³oºØ¹CÀ¸¥iºÙ¬°³s½u¹CÀ¸(Network
Game)¡A¥Dn¥]¬A²Ä¤@¤HºÙ®gÀ»¹CÀ¸¦p¡GC.S.¡BQUAKE III¡B«ªð¼wxÁ`³¡µ¥¡A¤Î¤Î®É¾Ô²¤¹CÀ¸¦p¡GAOK¡BS.C.¡BWarcraft
IIIµ¥¡F¦Ó²Ä¤GºØ¹CÀ¸«h¬O¥Ñ¹CÀ¸¼t°Ó«Ø¥ß¦øªA¾¹(³]p¨ÃºÞ²z¹CÀ¸¥@¬É)¨Ñ©Ò¦³ª±®a¶i¤J¹CÀ¸¡A¦P¤@¹CÀ¸³õ¦a¥i¦P®É®e¯Ç¸U¤H¥H¤W¤§ª±®a¡A¦¹Ãþ¹CÀ¸ºÙ¬°½u¤W¹CÀ¸(Online
game)¡A¦p¤Ñ°ó¡B¥Û¾¹®É¥N¡Bª÷±e¸s«L¶Çµ¥¹CÀ¸Äݤ§¡C¦¹¨âÃþ¹CÀ¸¦WºÙ©|µL©w½×¡A¦ý¤ÀÃþ¤jP¤W¬OªÖ©wªº¡C
²Ä¤@ºØ¹CÀ¸¤j¦h¥ç¥i¥H³æ¾÷¤è¦¡¹CÀ¸¡A¹ï§Ü¹q¸£¹ï¤â¡A±Ä¥Î³s½u¤è¦¡¹CÀ¸«h¨Ï¹CÀ¸¦³§ó¦hªºÅܤơAº¸¸·§Ú¶B©Î¦P¤ß¨ó¤O¡C¬O¥H¡A¦¹Ãþ¹CÀ¸ª±®a¶¡ªº³sµ²¦h¬°¥ô°È(task)¦¡¡A¦b³s½u¹CÀ¸¶i¦æªº®É¶¡¼Æ¤ÀÄÁ¦Ü¼Æ¤p®É¤º©¹¨Ó¡Aª§¹Ü¹CÀ¸¥Ø¼Ð¡C¦bºô¸ô»yµ·¾³q©|¤£¦¨¼ô¤§»Ú¡Aª±®a¶¡©ó®É¶¡¤§ºò´ê¤Î»y¨¥¤§»Ùê¡A¦h¨Ï¥Î´îµu¥N¸¹·¾³q¡A¦p¡¨go
12¡¨(«e©¹§ðÀ»12ÂIÄÁ¤è¦V¼Ä¤H)¡A©Î¨Ã¥Î¨ä¥L·¾³q¤è¦¡¦p¹q¸Ü©Î¤f¦Õ¬Û¶Ç¡A¦¹®É«K¦³ºô¸ô¥@¬É»P¯u¹ê¥@¬É¤§°T®§©¼¦¹§Ö³tÂà´«¨Ã¦æªº¦³½ì²{¶H¡C¦¹Ãþ¹CÀ¸±`¥Ñ¯u¹êÃö«Y¶i¤Jºô¸ôÃö«Y(»{ÃѪºªB¤Í¬Û¬ù¤@°_¶i¦æ¹CÀ¸)¡C
½u¤W¹CÀ¸«h¬°Ãe¤jªººô¸ô¥@¬É¡A¹CÀ¸³õ¦a¤@ª½¦s¦b¡Aª±®aªø´Á¦h¦¸¶i¤J¸Ó¥@¬É©µÄò¨¤¦â¦b¹CÀ¸¤¤¤§¦æ°Ê»P¦¨ªø¡C¥@¬Éªº¸ê·½¥Ñ¥´©Ç²£¥X¡A¨¤¦âªº¯à¤O¨M©w¸ê·½ªº¤À°t¡A¨¤¦â¤]¦s¦b¥æ©ö¤ÎÃØ»P¦æ¬°¡A¦P·ù¥i¦@¦P¤À¨É¸ê·½¡A¦P·ù©ÎÓ¤H³z¹L¦X§@¥´©Ç©Î§ð¦u¾Ôª§¡A¥iÀò¨ú§ó¤j³W¼Ò¸ê·½¡C¦P·ù¬°ªø´Á¦s¦b¤§Ãö«Y¡A¬G¨ä¤¤¨¤¦âÃö«Y¬Û·í©T©w¡A³z¹Lªø®É¶¡¤@¦p²{¹êª¬ªp¤§¶Ç¼½»P¤¬°Êªº²Ö¿n¡A§Î¦¨ÁnÅA¡A·Q¹³Ãö«Y»P¹ê½èÃö«Y¦P¼Ë¦b¹CÀ¸ªÀ¸s¤¤¥X²{¡CÃe¤jªº¹CÀ¸ªÀ¸s¤¤¡A»P¤v¤¬°Êªºª±®a¦b²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤¦h¤£¬ÛÃÑ¡A¬Û¸û©ó³s½u¹CÀ¸¡A½u¤W¹CÀ¸ª±®a±`¥Ñºô¸ôÃö«Y¶i¤J¹êÅéÃö«Y(¦p¹CÀ¸Ä_ª«©Î¨¤¦âªº²{ª÷¥æ©ö)¡C¦bªø®É¶¡ªº¹CÀ¸¤¤¡Aª±®a¨Ã¦³¾÷·|¶¢²á¡A±q¨Æ¥æ¤Íµ¥»P¹CÀ¸¥Ø¼ÐµLÃö¤§¬¡°Ê¡A¨Ï¥Ñ¹CÀ¸ªÀ¸s§ó±µªñºô¸ôªÀ·|¡C
¤Ñ°ó¬YÓ¦å·ù·ù¥D¶O¤O¦a¦V·ùû̸ÑÄÀ¥²¶·´î¤Ö»â¾É¬¡°Êªº¨M©w¡A¦]¬°Ãø¥H±Ò¾¦¦V³\¦h¦¨¤H·ùû§iª¾¦Û¤v³Q¶ý¶ý·þ«P¥h¥Î¥\(·ù¥D¬°¤p¤»¾Ç¥Í)¡C
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«nµØªÀ¬ã©Ò¬ã¤@
¶À¶®¼z
¾Ç®Õ¦³¤@¦ì¦Ñ®v´¿¸g¦b¤W½Ò´Á¶¡¶]¨ìºô©@¥h§â¾Ç¥Í®»¦^¨Ó¤W½Ò¡A¾Ç¥Í¦b¤W½Ò´Á¶¡·È¥X®Õªù¨ìºô©@ª±¤Ñ°ó¡A³oºØ¨Æ±¡¦b°ªÂ¾¾Ç®Õ¬O±`¦³ªº¨Æ±¡¡C¬°¦ó³o¨Ç¤C¦~¯Åªº·s·s¤HÃþ¦p¦¹¨H°g©óºô¸ô¤§¤¤©O¡H²`¤J»P³o¨Ç¦P¾Ç½Í¹L¡Aµo²{¥L̹ï©ó²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤§¤¤ªº²¨Â÷·P¡A¹ï©ó²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤§ªº¨Æª«Ãö¤ß«×¤£°ª¡A»{¬°²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤§¤¤ªº½ÆÂøÃøÀ´¡AÃø¥H¸Ñ¨M¡C¦]¦Ó°k¨ìºô¸ô¤§¤¤¡AÂǥѺô¸ô¤¤«Ø¥ßªºÓ¤HªºµêÀÀ¤H»Úºô¸ô¤¤Àò±oº¡¨¬¡C¨Ï¾ãÓ¤jÁͶդ§¤U¡A¤£±o¤£¥h±´¨s³o¤@·sªÀ·|¬ì§Þ²£ª«©Ò¦s¦bªºI«á»ùÈ»P¤å¤Æ¡C¤H¦bºô¸ô©Ò§Îºc¥X¨ÓªºªÀ°Ï¤¤¤SÀ³¸Ó¦p¦ó¥h±¹ï¦¹½ÄÀ»©O¡H
¦b²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤ªºªÀ°Ï¨ã¦³¹êÅé±ø¥ó¡A¨Ã¥B¾Ö¦³ºÞ²z¾÷¨îªº²Õ´¡CªÀ°Ï¤¤ªº¨CÓ¤H¸g¥Ñ¤H»P¤H¤§¶¡ªº±¹ï±ªº·¾³q»P±µÄ²¨Ó§Î¶ì¥XªÀ·|¤Æ¡Aµû§P¥X¨º¨Ç¬O³oÓªÀ°Ï©Ò¯à±µ¨üªº¦æ¬°¼Ð·Ç¡C¦b¶Ç²Î²{¹êªºªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A³Ì±`Å¥¨ìªº¬O¼N´H°Ý·x¡Ð¡§¦Y¹¡¤F¶Ü¡H¡¨¡§§AÌ®aªº¤p©ú¦Ò¸Õ¦Ò±o¦p¦ó©O¡H¡¨¦]¬°¤H»P¤H¤§¶¡©Ò§Î¦¨ªºªÀ¸s¨ã¦³°ª«×¤H»Úºôµ¸³sµ²¡CµM¦Ó¦bºô¸ôµêÀÀªºªÀ°Ï¤¤¡A¤H»P¤Hªº±µÄ²«o¬O³z¹LµL§Îªººô¸ô©Ò³sµ²¦Ó¨Óªº¡CµLªk±µÄ²¨ì¹ï¤èªº¨Åé»P±³¡ªºªí±¡¡A¨Ã¹ï¹ï¤èªºÁA¸Ñµ{«×¦³¡A±`±`¦b³oµêÀÀªºªÀ¸s¤¤¦s¦bµÛ³\¦h¤£¯u¹êªº¸ê°T¡Cºô¸ô¤§¤¤³Ì¤jªº¯S©Ê¦b©ó°Î¦W©Ê¥H¤Î¨Å餣¦b³õ¡A¬G¨ä¥iÅý³\¦h¦b²{¹êªÀ¸s¤§¤¤Àò±oº¡¨¬ªº¤H¡A¦b³oºô¸ô¤§¤¤Àò±o¦Û§Ú¹ê²{ªº¤H¥Í§Ö·P¡A¤]¤£¥²¾á¼~¦Û¤v¦³¤£³Q±µ¨üªº§xÂZ¡C
¶i¤J¬ì§Þªº®É¥N¡A¦³¤@«h¼s§iªº³Ì«áµ²»y¬O¡§¬ì§Þ©l²×¨Ó¦Û©ó¤H©Ê¡¨¡A¤HÃþµo©ú³\¦hªº¾¹¨ãÅý¥Í¬¡§ó¥[¤è«K»P«K±¶¡A¦ý¬O¦ü¥G¤]·U¨Ó·UÂ÷¤£¶}³o¨Ç°ª¬ì§Þªº²£ª«¡Cºô¸ôªº³sµ²¨Ï±o°T®§§Ö³t¬y³q¡A¤H»P¤H¤§¶¡ªº¶ZÂ÷ÁYµu¡Ð¤Ñ²PY¤ñ隣¡A¥i¤]³y¦¨³\¦h²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤¤H»ÚÃö«Yªº²¨Â÷·P¡CµêÀÀªÀ°Ï©Ò§Î¦¨ªºªÀ·|¤å¤Æ¦p¦ó¿Ä©ó²{¹ê¤§¤¤¡H¥H¤Î¤H¦p¦ó¦bµêÀÀªÀ¸s¤¤«·sªÀ·|¤Æ¡H¦Ó¤£¦A¬O¥Ñ²{¹ê¥Í¬¡¤¤°k¨ìºô¤¤§a¡I
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
«nµØ¥Xª©©Ò¬ã¤G
Áé´fµÓ
´£¨ìµêÀÀªÀ°Ï¡A§Ú¤£¸T·Q°_¨È¨ô¥«¡C
¨È¨ô¥«¡]http://www.educities.edu.tw¡^¡A¨ú¨ä¡u¨È¬w¨ô¶V«°¥«¡v¤§·N¡]Ūµ±µªñEduCities ¡^¡A¬O¤@Ó¥H±Ð¨|¬°©v¦®ªººô¸ôµêÀÀ«°¥«¡C¥Ñ¤¤¥¡¤j¾Ç ¡B²MµØ¤j¾Ç¡B¶§©ú¤j¾Ç¡Bªá½¬®v½d¾Ç°|¥|©Ò°ê¥ß¤j¾Ç©Ò¦X§@³Ð¿ì¡A¤¤¥¡¬ã¨s°|°|ªø§õ»·õ¾á¥ôºaÅA¥«ªø¡A¨ÃÀò±o°ê¬ì·|¤Î±Ð¨|³¡¦b¬ã¨s¤Î±À¼sªº¸g¶O¸É§U¡C¦¹¤@µêÀÀ³£¥«ªº«Ø¥ß¬O¸g¥Ñ¤@¨Ç¦³»·¨£¤§ªÀ·|¤H¤h©Òµo°_»P±a°Ê¡A¥H±Ð¨|¬°¥Dn©v¦®¡A§Æ±æ³z¹Lºô¸ô¡A§Ö³t¾ã¦XªÀ·|¦U¬É¸ê·½¡A²Õ´¤Î¶ì³y¤@Ó·sªººô¸ô¾Ç²ßªÀ·|¡C
¡u¨È¨ô¥«¬O¤@¥Ñ¾Ç²ßªÌ¥D¾É«Øºc¡A¸óªÀ·|¶¥¼hªººô¸ô¾Ç²ßªÀ·|¡C¤£¦P¦~ÄÖ¼h¡B¤£¦P¤å¤ÆI´º¼hªº¾Ç²ßªÌ¦b¨È¨ô¥«¤¤°Ñ»P¦UºØ¤¬°Ê¾Ç²ß¬¡°Ê¡A©¼¦¹Ävª§¡B¦X§@¡B°Q½×¡B¥æ´«±Ð¾Ç¨¤¦â¡A¬Æ¦Ü«Ø¥ß±Ð§÷¤º®e¡AÂ×´IªÀ¸sªº¾Ç²ß¤º²[¡A´£ª@¾Ç²ßªÌªºª¾ÃѼh¦¸ (¨£¡u¨È¨ô¥þ¥Á¾Ç®Õ¡v) ¡C ¡v
¡]¥X¦Û¡Ghttp://abserv1.src.ncu.edu.tw/educities/page/3_1.htm¡^
¨È¨ô¥«»¡¬ï¤F´N¬O¤@ӱШ|ºô¯¸¡A¤@Ó¥H«°¥«¬°Áô³ë¥h«Øºc¨äºô¸ôªÀ¸sªº±Ð¨|ºô¯¸¡C¥ø¹Ï³z¹Lºô¸ô¤¶±¡A²Õ´¤HÌ¡B²{¦³ªº±Ð¨|²Õ´¡A¬Æ¦Ü¸óªÀ·|¶¥¼hªº¤H¤Î²Õ´¡A«Ø¥ß¥X¤¬°Ê¨}¦nªºªÀ¸s¡A¨ÃÂǥѵêÀÀªÀ¸sªº¤O¶q¡A¸¨¹ê±À°Ê±Ð¨|§ï²¡C
¦Û2001¦~1¤ë5¤é¨È¨ô¥«¥¿¦¡¶}¹õ°_¡A¦Ü2002¦~ªì¡A¨È¨ô¥«ªº¥«¥Á¤H¤f¼Æ¤w¬ð¯}50¸U¡A³o¼Ëªº¤H¼Æ¬O¥iÆ[ªº¡B³o¼Ëªº¤O¶q¬O¤£¥i¤pò󪺡A¨¬°±Ð¨|Àô¸`¤@³¡¥÷ªº§A¡A¬O§_¤w¸g¦¨¬°¨È¨ô¥«ªº¥«¥Á¤F©O¡H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------