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¤@¡B­^¤å³¡¤À¡G

1.      Chan Cheuk-wah, The Myth of Hong Kong's Laissez-faire Economic Governance 1960s and 1970s, May 1998. Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies. The Chinese University of Hong Kong.

2.      Castell, Manuel, 1998. End of Millenniam,Oxfoed:Blackwell, Chapter 4, "Toward the Pacific Era? The Multicultural Foundation of Economic Interdependence"  206-310

3.      Castells Manule , Four Asian Tigers With a Dragon Head A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE STATE, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY IN THE ASIAN PACIFIC RIM . form, Richard P. Appelbaum and Jeffrey Henderson, STATES AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE ASIAN PACIFIC RIM

4.      Friedmann, John(1986) ¡§The World City Hypothesis¡¨

5.      Flignstein, Neil, 1996 A Political-Cultural Approach to Market Institutions.ASR 61(4):656-673

6.      Hsin Sutu, etal.,"A Study of Government Financial Assistance to Small Industries, with Special Reference to Hong Kong," Journal of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, March 1973

7.      Harvey, David(1989) The Condition of Postmodernity. Oxford: Bail Blackwell: 121-201

8.      James S. Coleman , Foundations of Social Theory

9.      Kraatz, Matthew and Edward . Zajac, 1996 Exploring the Limits of the New Institutionalism:the Causes and Consequences of Illegitimate Organizational Change.ASR 59:547-550

10.  Kindleberger, C.P.(1983). ¡§International Banks as Lenders or Followers of International Business : An Historical Perspective¡¨ , Journal of Banking and Finance , Vol, 7, No. 4, 95-583

11.  Legshon, Andrew and N. Thrift(1997) Money Space : Geographies of Monetary Transforming. London: Routledge. 1-81

12.  Lehner, Franz, 1991 The Institutional Control of Organized Interest Intermediation:A Political Perpective. In:Czada, Roland M./Windhoff-Heriter, Adrienne(Hg.):Political Choice.Institutions, Rules, and the Limits of Rationality. Frankfurt/Main, Boulder/Colorado:Campus, Westview Press, 233-256.

13.  Maurice Collis, Warfoong¡A The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation 1982. Allied Printers Limited Hong Kong.

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25.  A. Gary Shilling ¡§Deflation : how to survive and thrive in the coming wave of deflation¡¨ ¡§³q³fºòÁY¡¨ ©P«W¬ÂĶ¡A2000¦~10¤ë¡A°ªÄ_¶°¹Î

26.  Callum Henderson "Asia Falling?"¡A¨È¬w­·¼É ª÷¿Ä¦M¾÷»P¬F¸g®ÄÀ³¡A¾È¦tÃÒ¨é§ë¸êÅU°Ý¤½¥qĶ¡A1998¡C

27.  David B. Sicilia and Jeffrey L. Cruikshank ¡§The Greenspan Effect: words that move the world¡¦s markets¡A¡§¸¯ªL´µ¯Z®ÄÀ³ ¸ÑŪ¾Ù°Ê¥þ²yª÷¿Ä¥«³õªº¸Ü»y¡¨ Á§­}¦w Ķ ¡A2000¦~8¤ë¡A¬ü°Ó³Á®æù¡E§Æº¸°ê»ÚªÑ¥÷¦³­­¤½¥q ¥xÆW¤À¤½¥q

28.  Davide Hume¡AOf the Balance of Trade¡A1752 from¦è¤è¸gÀÙ¾Ç ¦WµÛ´£­n(¤@)¡A§º©Ó¥ýµ¥µÛ¡A1999 ¬L©ú¥Xª©ªÀ

29.  Dominic Casserley, Greg Gibb and the Financial Institutions Team, "Banking in Asia"¨È¬w»È¦æ·s¥@¬ö ªï±µÄvª§»P§]¨Öªº®É¥N¡A¨L¥òĶ¡Anext¥Xª©¡A1999¡C

30.  George SorosµÛ¡A ¡§The Crisis of Global Capitalism¡¨  Áp¦X³ø½sĶ²Õ Ķ ¥þ²y¸ê¥»¥D¸q¦M¾÷ Áp¸g¥Xª©

31.  John Gray, "False Dawn"¡A³¯ºÑªâĶ¡Anext¥Xª©.1999¡C

32.  Lowell Bryan and Diana Farrell," Market Unbound" ¡AµLæ¬É¥«³õ¡A¨L¥òĶnext¥Xª©1997¡C

33.  Michael J Enright¡AEdith E Scott¡ADavid Dodwell ¡A¡§­»´äÀu¶Õ¡¨¡A1997¡A ¤û¬z¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ(­»´ä)

34.  Milton Friedman¡A ¡§The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays¡¨ ¤ýÅK¥ÍĶ¡A³f¹ô²z½×-³Ì¾A¶q³f¹ô½×¤å¶°¡A 1996¦~ ¤­«n¥Xª©ªÀ

35.  Manuel Casteiis, ºôµ¸ªÀ·|ªº±U°_¡A®Lű¤Eµ¥Ä¶¡A­ð¤s¥Xª©ªÀ1998

36.  Marjorie Deane & Robert Pringle, "The Central Banks"»È¦æ¤¤ªº»È¦æ ¥þ²y¤¤¥¡»È¦æªº¬G¨Æ¡A»ô«ä½åĶ¡A1999¡C

37.  Paul Erdman  ¡§TUG of WAR¡¨  ÀN¹F¤å Ķ ¶×²v©ÞªeÁɤ¤°ê¥Í²£¤O¤¤¤ß

38.  Paul Krugman   ¡§The Accidental Theorist  And Other Dispatches From The Dismal Science ¡¨ ¬x°]¶© Ķ ¡A §J¾|°ÒÅå©_ ¤j®v¸ÑŪ¸gÀٶöH¥ýı¥Xª©

39.  T K Ghose, ¡§The Banking System of Hong Kong¡¨, "­»´ä»È¦æÊ^¨î",¡A1989¦~ 9¤ë ¤¤°ê»È¦æ´ä¿DºÞ²z³B°ö°V¤¤¤ß Ķ ¤Î¥Xª©(­»´ä)

 

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40.  ¤ý½éªZ¥D½s¡A¡§­»´ä¥v·s½s¡¨(¤W)¡A 1997¦~5¤ë ¤TÁp®Ñ©±(­»´ä)¦³­­¤½¥q

41.  §d¤Ñ«C¡A¡§­»´ä¸gÀÙ»P¸gÀÙ¬Fµ¦¡¨1990¦~12¤ë ¤¤µØ®Ñ§½(­»´ä)

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43.  ´¿æ@°ò¡A¡§­»´ä¬Fªv¸gÀپǡ¨¡A¼s¨¤Ãè¡A1984-1985(­»´ä)

44.  §º«äºa¡A¡§­»´äªº¸gÀÙ©M°]¬F¬Fµ¦¡¨¡A¤Þ¦Û ¾G¦tºÓ½s¡A¡§¹L´ç´Áªº­»´ä¡¨¡A 1989-1990(­»´ä)

45.  ³°ª¢½÷¡A¡§³f¹ô©M»È¦æ¨î«×¡¨¡A¤Þ¦Û ¾G¦tºÓ½s¡A¡§¹L´ç´Áªº­»´ä¡¨¡A 1989-1990(­»´ä)

46.  ¹QÆm¡A¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¤¤°ê¬Fªv¡G±q§»Æ[¾ú¥v©M·LÆ[¦æ°Êªº¨¤«×¬Ý ¡A¤û¹y¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1994¦~

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49.  ¼B§Ó±j¡B¨F®¶ªL¡A¡§¤E¤C¦~¥N­»´äª÷¿Ä§ï­²»Pµo®i¡¨¡A 1997¦~9¤ë ¤TÁp®Ñ©±(­»´ä)

50.  §E÷ªZ ¡A¡§20¥@¬öªº­»´ä¡¨¡A 1995¦~¡AÄQÅï®Ñ·~¦³­­¤µ¥q(­»´ä)

51.  ³¯«ØµØ¡A¡§ÁÚ¦V¤G¤Q¤@¥@¬öªº­»´äª÷¿Ä¡¨¡A 1999¦~5¤ë ­»´äÀy§Ó¥Xª©ªÀ

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53.  ½²§J¡A¡§¸gÀÙª÷¿Ä»P­»´ä¡¨¡A 1991¦~ ¤¤¤å¤j¾Ç¥Xª©ªÀ(­»´ä)

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94.  ·¨¾å¶²  ±qª÷¿Ä¤¤¤ß¬Ý¥xÆW,­»´ä»P·s¥[©Yªºª÷¿Äµo®i 'Financila developmentsof Taiwan, Hong Kong and   Singapore, from the view of financial centers '«ü¾É±Ð±Â: ¾Gªv©ú  (ªFµØ¤j¾Ç)

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[8] ³oùØ«üªº¬O¤p¬F©²¡B¼f·V²z°]¡B¶q¤J¬°¥X¡BÁקKµo¦æ¤½¶Å¡BÁקK­n¥Ñ­^°ê§@¥X¬Fªv¤Wªº©Ó¾á¡A¦]¦¹±j½Õ²Ö¿n°]¬FÀx³Æ¡A¦Ó«D¥H°]¬F¬Fµ¦¨Ó½Õ±±¸gÀÙ©P´Áªi°Ê¡C

[9] ­»´ä©Ò¿×ªºªÀ·|ºë­^¡A«üªº¬O¨ü°ªµ¥±Ð¨|¡A¯S§O¬O­^¦¡±Ð¨|ªº°ª¯Å¬F©²¦æ¬F©x­û¡A¤Î°Ó¬É¦¨¥\¤H¥K¡C

[10] ¦b¤¤°ê¬F©²ªº­n¨D»P³W¹º¤U¡A­»´ä¥²»Ý­nºû«ù¥»¨­¬J¦³ªºÁcºa»P¦w©w¡A¦Ó³Ì¨ãÊ^ªºªí²{«h©ú­q¦b°ò¥»ªk¤W¡C´ä©²ªº¬I¬F¥i¥H¦Û¦æ¨M©w¡A¤£¥²¨Æ¨Æ»P¤¤¥¡°Ó¶q¡A¦ý¥ô¦ó¦æ°Ê¥²»Ý­n²Å¦X ¡m°ò¥»ªk¡n©Ò©ú­qªº³d¥ô¡C

[11] ²{¦bªº­»´ä(2000¦~)¡AÁöµMµo¥Í¦p¤H¤jÄÀªk¡BÁè®xÄ£¨Æ¥ó¡C¦ý³o¨Ç¨Æ¥ó¤§©Ò¥Hµo¥Í¡A¬Û·íµ{«×¤W¬O¦]¬°­»´äµL½×¦b¨¥½×¦Û¥Ñ¡Aªkªvºë¯«³£¬Û·í°·¥þ¦a¹B§@¤U§Î¦¨ªº¡C¹ï³o¨Ç¨Æ¥óªº¹L´ç¤ÏÀ³©Î¸àÄÀ¡A¥u·|§â­»´äªº²{¹ê±¡ªp§ó¥[²V¦Ó¤£²M¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b¹L¥h´ä­^®É´Á¡A´ä¤H³sðéÃø­^¤ý¡B¤ý«ÇªºÅv¤O³£¬O³Q¸T¤îªº¡A³s·sµØªÀµ¥¿Ë¤¤¶°¹Îªºµo¨¥¤]¤£¥i¯à¹³¤µ¤Ñªº¦p¦¹¦Û¥Ñ¡C

[12] ¹ï©ó¤E¤C«e«á¬F©²³¡ªùªºÆ[¹î¥i¥Hµo²{¡A­»´äª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½¬O¬F©²Ê^¨î¤º»P¬F©²¦æ¬F¤Îª÷¿Ä±M·~¦³ÅãµÛÃöÁpªº³¡ªù¡C·í­»´ä¬F©²­±¹ï¥þ²yª÷¿Ä±a¨Óªº¥«³õ²æ§Ç¡B¥þ²yª÷¿Ä¸gÀÙªº°Ê¿º¦M¾÷¡A¤Î¤¤­^½Í§P±a¨Óªº¬Fªv¤£Ã­¤Î«H¤ß¦M¾÷¤U¡A­¢¨Ï­»´ä¬F©²¦bª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦¤W¥²»Ý«Ø¥ß§ó¨ã¿n·¥ªº¡A¾Ô²¤©Ê(Strategic Behavior)ªº¹w¨¾±¹¬I¡A¤Î§ó¦hªº¤¶¤Jª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¹B§@ªº¦æ¬°ªº­I´º¤U¡C©ó1993¦~4¤ë1¤é¡A¨Ì¾Ú1992¦~12¤ë10¤é¥ßªk§½³q¹Lªº¡m¥~¶×°òª÷(­×­q)±ø¨Ò¡n¡A¦b¥~¶×°òª÷ºÞ²z§½©M»È¦æ·~ºÊ²z³B¦X¨Öªº°ò¦¤W¡A¦¨¥ß­»´äª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½( Hong Kong Monetary Authority , HKMA )¡C

§@¬°­»´äªº³f¹ôºÞ²z·í§½¡A¨ä³f¹ô¬Fµ¦¥Ø¼Ð¬OºûÅ@Ápô¶×²v¨î«×¤Uªº´ä¤¸Ã­©w¡C©ó§Ú­Ì¦Ó¨¥¡A­»´äª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½ªº­«­n©Ê¦b©ó¡G¦oªº¥D­n¤u§@½d³ò¶°¤¤¦b°ª«×±M·~ªºª÷¿Ä»â°ì(finance field)ªººÊºÞ¡A¨ä¾Åv½d³òÀHµÛ¦~¤é¦Ó³vº¥¼W¥[¡C¦o¦P®É¤]¥NªíµÛ­»´ä¬F©²°õ¦æ¬F©²ªºª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦¦b¬Fªv¤W¡A¦o¬O¬°Ê^²{¤@°ê¨â¨î³]¥ßªº»P¤j³°¤¤¥¡»È¦æ¥­¦æªº­»´ä¹ï¤f³æ¦ì¡C¦o¬O¤@­Ó¬Fªv»Pª÷¿Ä¸gÀÙ¬Ûµ²¦X²£¥Íªº¯S©w²£ª«¡C

 

[13] §@¬°¤u·~®É´Á¥D­n°Ó·~ªº¥æ´«¬Y¬É¡A³f¹ôªº¬ã¨s¤£³æ³æ¥u¶°¤¤©ó³f¹ô¥\¯à¥»¨­¡C³¡¥÷ªº¾ÇªÌ§âµJÂI¶°¤¤¦b³f¹ôµo®i¥vªº¦^ÅU¡A¯S§O¬OJack Weathford (1997)»PLegshan Andrew(1997)¡A¥L­Ì³£¥Ñ³f¹ôµo®i¥vªº¦^ÅU¤¤µo²{¤F³f¹ôªºµo®i¡A¯S§O«ü¥Xª÷¥»¦ì¹ï´«¼Ð·Çªº¿³°_¡AÀHµÛ°ê»Ú§Î¶Õªºµo®i¡A¦Ó¦¨¬°°Ï°ì¸gÀÙµo®iªº¥D¦]¡C·íª÷¥»¦ì¼Ð·Ç¥Ë¸Ñ¥H«á¡Aª÷¿Äªº¥þ²y¤Æ¤]ÀH¤§¦Ó¨Ó (leyshon¡A1997¡G1-42) ¡C

[14] «ü1944¦~ñ¸pªº°ê»Ú¨óij¡A®Ú¾Ú¨ó©w¦¨¥ß°ê»Ú³f¹ô°òª÷·|ij(IMF)¡B¤Î¥@¬É»È¦æ¡A¨î©w°ê»Ú³f¹ôªº°ò¥»­ì«h¡C³o¨Ç­ì«h³W©w·|­û°êÀ³°í«ù©T©w¶×²v¡A¨Ã¹ï¼È®É¨ü¨ìÀ£¤Oªº³f¹ô´£¨Ñ´©§U¡C(§f¦¼º~¡A1997¡G20)

 

[15] ¾H¾ð¶¯¡R©ê´Ý¦u¯Ê ÃѨ£¤í©^ µû¦^Âk¤T¦~¨Ó¸gÀÙ¬Fµ¦ ©ú³i ½×¾Â2000¦~7¤ë3¤é

[16] ÄǾl¼yªºµÛ§@(1992¡B1993¡B1997¡B2000)¤ñ¸û¬O­»´äª÷¿Ä¬ã¨s©Ò¥²»Ý°Ñ¦Òªº³¡¥÷¡A¨äª÷¿Ä¬ã¨s¡B°Q½×½d³ò¬Û·íªº¼s¡C»P¦è¤è¬ÛÃö¬ã¨s¬ÛÃþ¦ü¡A¥L¤]¬O±q³f¹ô§@¬°¬ã¨sªº°_ÂI¡C¨ä§@«~±q­»´äª÷¿Äªºµo®i¥v¡B¬F©²ª÷¿Ä¾÷ºcªºÅܾE¡B¬Fµ¦ªºÂàÅܵ¥¡A³£¦³±M¤å°Q½×¡A¥Lªº¯S¦âµÛ­«¬O¡G¥Hª÷¿Ä§Þ³Nªº¤èªk¡B¼Æ¾Ú§@¬°¬ã¨sªº¤u¨ã¡C¦]°Q½×½d³ò¼s½d¡A¹ï©ó¬F©²¦U®É´Áªº¬Fµ¦¤]¦b°Q½×¤W¦³¨Ç³\µÛ¾¥¡A¦ý³o¨Ç°Q½×¬Û·íµ{«×¤W¬O¡A´N¨Æ½×¨Æªº°Q½×¦¨¬°¤F¥D¶b¡A¹ï©ó¬F©²µ²ºcªº²`¼h¬ã¨s¨Ã¥½µÛ­«¡C¦Ó¯S©w¬F©²±MÄݪ÷¿ÄºÊºÞ¾÷ºcªº°Q½×¡A¥u¦û¥H¤W©Ò¦CÁ|ªº¤å³¹¤¤ªº¤Ö¼Æ¡C

 

[17] Sassen  (1990)

[18] John Friedmann¡A(1986¡G4-6)

[19] §º®¦ºa¡A1990¡G115-117

[20] ¦b¥þ²y¤Æªº­·®ð¤U¡A¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³¦³Ãö©óª÷¿Äªº¬ã¨s³£¶È¶°¤¤¦b¥þ²y¤Æªº°Q½×¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥ô¦ó°Ï°ì¡A¯S§O¬O¦a°Ï¬F©²¹ï©óª÷¿Ä¸gÀÙ¹B§@ªº¼vÅT¡A¥H¤Î¨äª÷¿Ä¸gÀÙ¬Fµ¦¡A¤]¬O¦³Ãö©ó¬ã¨sªº­«ÂI¡C³o¨Ç¦a°Ïªº°ê®a¬FÅv¡A¬Û·í­«­nªº¤@³¡¥÷¬O¥Á±Ú°ê®a©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¡C¦o­Ì¹ï©ó©Ò¿×ª÷¿Ä¥þ²y¤Æªº²z½×»P¹ê»Ú¼vÅTªº¤ÏÀ³¡A¤w¦¨¬°¤F³o¤è­±¬ã¨sªº­«ÂI¤§¤@¡CLowell Bryan and Diane Farrell (1997)¦b¥þ²y¤ÆªºÆ[ÂI¤U»{¬°¬F©²¬O¤w¸g¹L®Éªº¡A¤S¬O¥D­nªýê¹ê²{¦Û¥Ñ¸gÀÙ¤U¥þ²y¤Æªº­º´c¡C¦ýLeyshon (1997)¹ï©ó­^°ê­Û´°ªºª÷¿Äµo®i¬ã¨s«o»{¬°¡A¦b¥þ²yª÷¿Ä»P°Ï°ìÄvª§ªº¼vÅT¤§¤U¡A¥ô¦ó¤@­Óª÷¿Ä¤¤¤ß³£¥²µM­n­±Á{§ï­²¡A¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¦b³o¼Ëªº§Î¶Õ¤§¤U¡A¦a°Ï»P¥þ²yªºÄvª§¡A³£¥²»Ý­n¦b§Þ³N»P¬Fµ¦¤W¡A¨ú±o¤ñ¨ä¥¦¦a°Ï§óÀu¶Õªº¦ì¸m (Leyshon¡A1997¡G118-163) ¡C¦³¨Ç¬ã¨s­û«h±q¦a°Ï¬F©²ªº¤ñ¸û¥Xµo¡A¦pMaurice Colls(1965)¡A¤ÎDominic Casserley ¡BGreg Gibb(1999)¹ï©ó­»´ä»P·s¥[ªiªºª÷¿Ä¨î«×¡B»È¦æÊ^¨î¤ñ¸û¡C³£¬O±q¦a¤èªº¨¤«×¥Xµo¨Ó­Ó§O¬ã¨s¦a°Ï¬F©²ªºª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦»Pª÷¿Äµo®i¡C¥t¥~Marjorie Deane ¡BRobet Pringle ªº¬ã¨s«h±q¤¤¥¡»È¦æªºµo®i¡B¨¤¦âªººtÅܤΥ¦»P¬F©²ªºÃö«Yµ¥¤è­±¨Ó¶i¦æ¤À§é(Marjorie Deane ¡BRobet Pringle ¡A1999)¡C

[21] ·¨¾å¶²ªº½×¤å(1997) «ü¥X¡A±qª÷¿Ä¤¤¤ßªºÆ[ÂI¥Xµo¡A¥xÆW/­»´ä/·s¥[©Yª÷¿Äµo®iªº¯S¦â»PÀu¦H¶Õªº¬ã¨s¤¤±oª¾¡A­»´ä»P·s¥[©Yª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¦­´Áªºµo®i¡A¬Ò¬O¦]À³Âà¤f¶T©öªº»Ý­n¦Ó¿³°_¤§«á¡A³o¨â­Ó¦a°Ï§¡´x´¤¼Ú¬w¬ü¤¸¥«³õ½´«kµo®i»P¸ê¥»°ê»Ú¤Æªº«´¾÷¡A¤À§O¦¨¬°¨È¬wªº¨â­Ó°Ï°ì©Êª÷¿Ä¤¤¤ß¡C¦]¦¹¡A¦bªø¤[­±¹ï°ê»ÚÄvª§ªºÀ£¤O¤U¡A­»´ä»P·s¥[©Y§¡¾Ö¦³¥H°ê»Ú¥«³õ¬°¥Dªºª÷¿Ä²£·~¡C¬Û¹ï¦Ó¨¥¡F¥xÆWªºª÷¿Ä²£·~¬Û·í«Ê³¬¡C80¦~¥N«á´Á¡A¥xÆW¬F©²·í§½¤~¶}©l©ñ¼e°ê¤ºª÷¿Ä²£·~ªººÞ¨î¡A¦Ó¸Ñ°£¹ï¥~¤H°Ñ»P¤§­­¨î§ó¬O³Ìªñªº¨Æ¡A¦]¦Ó¥xÆWªºª÷¿Ä²£·~¦h«]­­¦b°ê¤º¥«³õ¡A¥B±q¥«³õªº²`«×»P¼u©Ê¨Ó¬Ý¡A°ê¤ºª÷¿Ä¥«³õªºµo®i¨Ã¤£¤Q¤À°·¥þ¡C

[22] ¶À«T´Ü(1997)ªº§@«~¡A¯à°÷ªí²{¥X¤@¯ë¤H¹ï­»´äª÷¿ÄºÞ²zÅé¨îªº»~¸Ñ¡C¦b¨ä½×¤åªº²Ä¤@³¡¥÷¡G¡y¤T¦aª÷¿Ä¥«³õºî¦X¤ÀªR¡z¤¤¥L»{¬°­»´äª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½( HKMA)¬O¶i¦æ¤@¤¸¤ÆºÞ²z¡A³Ð³yÃe¤jªº»È¦æÅé¨t¡C³o¬O¿ù»~ªº¨£¸Ñ¡Cª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½¦bÅé¨î¤W¡A¬O°]¬F¥qªºÁÒ¤U¡C¦ý¨Ã«D©Ò¿×¤@¤¸¤ÆºÞ²z¡A¦]¬°µL½×»È¦æÅé¨t©Îª÷¿Ä·~³£¦³¦Û¤wªº¤u·|§@ºÞ²z¤u§@¡A¥¦­Ì³£¥i¯à¼vÅT°]¬F¥qªº¬Fµ¦ªº¨M©w¡Cª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½¦b·N¸q¤W¨Ã¤£¯àµ¥¦P©óª÷¿Ä·~ªºÀsÀY¡C¦Ó¥Bª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½¤]¥u¬O1993¦~¤~¦¨¥ß¡Aµ´¹ï¤£¥i¯à ¡«³Ð³y¹ê¤O¤£¿ùªº°ê¤º»È¦æ¹ê¤O¡¬¡C»È¦æ¹ê¤O¬O»È¦æ¬É¦Û¤v»P°ê®a°·¥þªºÀô¹Ò¦@¦P¾i¦¨ªº¡Aµ´¹ï¤£·|¥Ñ¬F©²¾÷ºc³æ¿W¾i¦¨¡C¥L«ü¥X ¤@¡Bª÷¿ÄºÊºÞ¨î«×»P»È¦æÅé¨t¤§¤ñ¸û¤ÀªR­»´ä¦b­^°ê¦Û¥Ñ¶}©ñ§@­·¤§¤U¡A¥Ñ­»´äª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½( HKMA)¶i¦æ¤@¤¸¤ÆºÞ²z¡A³Ð³yÃe¤jªº»È¦æÅé¨t¡A¤£½×¦b»È¦æ¸ê²£¡B©ñ´ÚÁ`ÃB§¡¬°¤T¦a¤§«a¡C¥Ñ·s¥[©Yª÷¿ÄºÞ²z§½(MAS)´x±±¤§·s¥[©Yª÷¿Ä¥«³õ¡A¹Ò¥~©ñ´Ú¶È¦¸©ó­»´ä¡A»È¦æ°ê»Ú¤Æµ{«×¥ç°ª¡CÁöµM»È¦æ³W¼Ò¬°¤T¦a¤§¥½¡F¦ý°ª®Ä²vªº»â¾É¤U¡A·s¥[©Yª÷¿ÄÄvª§¤O¤´°ª¨ã¥@¬É­º¦ì(WEF)¡C

 

[23] §Ú­Ì¤£³æ¥H¦Û¥Ñ¸gÀÙªº¨å½d§@¬°¬ã¨sªº¥Xµoªº­ì¦]¡A¬O¦]¬°­»´ä¬F©²¦b¤£¦Pªº¸gÀÙ¬Fµ¦½Ò¥Ø¤W¬O¦³¤£¤@¼Ëªº¬Fµ¦¤Î¥Øªº¡Cª÷¿Ä»P¨ä¥L¸gÀÙ³¡ªùªº¬Fµ¦¤§¶¡¦s¦b¬Û·í¤jªº®t²§¡Cª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦ªº¹ê¦æ¦b¤@©wµ{«×¤W¥²¶·¹ê¦æ¤z¹w©Î¤¶¤J¡A¦]¬°ª÷¿Ä·~ªº¿³©ô¡AÃö¥GµÛ­»´ä¸gÀÙªº¾ãÊ^ªí²{¡A¹ï©ó¥þ¥@¬É¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó°ê®a¦Ó¨¥³£¬OÃöÁä¡A¦Ó¥B¬OÃö¥G¨ì¤@­Ó¬FÅv¬Fªv°Ý³d©ÊªºÄ³ÃD¡C¥ô¦ó¤@­Ó¬FÅv³£¥²¶·¥H°Ý³dªººA«×¨Ó³B²zª÷¿Äªº°ÝÃD¡CµL½×¬O¤E¤C«eªº´ä­^¬F©²©Î¤E¤C«áªº¯S°Ï¬F©²¡A¦bª÷¿ÄºÞ²zªº³d¥ô¤W¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡A¦ý¨ä¬Fªv¥Øªº¤Î¤â¬q«o¦³¥i¯à¤£ºÉ¬Û¦P¡C¤£¦P¤§³B¦b¨ºùØ¡H¤Î¬°¦ó¤£¦P¡H³o¨Ç³£¬O¦³¥²­n¦b¹ê¦æ¯S°Ï¦æ¬F¥|¦~¥H«áªº¤µ¤Ñ©Ò¶·­n½èºÃªº¡C

¥»¬ã¨s¤]¤£¥H¥þ²y¤ÆªºÆ[ÂI§@¬°¬ã¨sªº¥D¶b¡C¦]¬°³æ±q¥þ²y¤Æª÷¿ÄªºÆ[ÂI¥Xµo¡A¦ü¥G¤£¯à¥ø¤Î«K¥þ³ÆªºÆ[¹î¡C¦]¬°¬ã¨s­»´äª÷¿Ä¥²©w·|IJ¤Î¨ì¦³Ãö¥þ²y¤Æª÷¿ÄªºÄ³ÃD¡A¦ý¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¤@°ê¨â¨îªº¹ê¦æ¡A«o¦¨¬°¥»°Ï¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó³Ì­«­nªº°ÝÃD¡C³o¤]¬Oª÷¿Ä¨Mµ¦¬ã¨s¤W©Ò¥²¶·­nÃö¤ß¤Î³B²zªº¡C¤@°ê¨â¨î¬O¦©³sµÛ­»´äª÷¿Äµo®i¤W³Ì¨ãÃöÁä©ÊªºÄ³ÃD¡A¦Ó³o­Ó¦©³s¡A¦b¬Fªv¥²µM¼vÅTµÛ­»´ä¬F©²¦bª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦¤W»P¥þ²yª÷¿Äªº¤§¶¡ªº¤¬°Ê¡C©Ò¥Hª÷¿Ä¥þ²y¤Æ¥u¯à§@¬°¥»¤å¦b¬ã¨s¤W¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¥²»Ý­nÃöª`ªº°ÝÃD¡C

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A§Ú­Ì¤]¨Ã¤£¯à³æ±q¤¤°ê¦p¦ó¹ê¦æ¤@°ê¨â¨îªº°ÝÃD¨¤«×µÛ¤â¬ã¨s¡C¦]¬°§ó¦hªº¾ÇªÌ¨S¦³ª`·N¨ì¡G­»´ä¥»¨­²{¦sªºÊ^¨î¦p¦ó­±Á{¤Î³B²z¤@°ê¨â¨îªº¹ê¦æ°ÝÃD¡A¬O§ó¨ã¦³¬Û·í·N¸qªºÄ³ÃD¡C­»´äªÀ·|¦U³¡ªù¡AÁöµM¦b¨¤¦â¤W¬O³Q°Êªº±µ¨ü¤@°ê¨â¨î°õ¦æ¤U©Ò¤ÞµoªºÅܰʤΫáªG¡C¦ýªÀ·|¦U³¡ªù¬OÀ³¥I³o¨ÇÂàÅܪº¥DÊ^¡A¦o­Ì¬O¥D°ÊªºÀ³¥I³o¨ÇÂàÅÜ¡A¤]¬O­«·s¬°¦o­Ìªº¦æ°Ê¹Lµ{¤Îµ²ªG¥I»P¥R¥÷·N¸qªº¹êÅé¡A©Ò¥HÁaµM¤¤°ê¹ï­»´äª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦ªº¼vÅT¬O¥»½g¬ã¨s½×¤å¤¤¤£¥i©¿µøªºÃöÁä©Ê¦]¯À¤§¤@¡A¦ý§Ú­Ì¤´µM¥H­»´ä¬F©²§@¬°¥DÊ^¡A¨ÓÆ[¹îª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦¤W¦p¦ó¤Ï¬M¤@°ê¨â¨îªº¦]¯À¡C

 

[24] Coleman ªº²z½×¤Î¥¦»P¥»¬ã¨s¬[ºcªºÃö³s¡CColeman»{¬°ªÀ·|¬ì¾ÇÀ³¸Ó¥H¸ÑÄÀªÀ·|¨t²Î¦æ¬°¬°­«ÂI¡C°ò¥»­n¨D¸ÑÄÀ­«ÂI¥H¨t²Î¬°³æ¦ì¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¥H­Ó¤H©Î¨t²Îªº¨ä¥L²Õ¦¨³¡¥÷¬°³æ¦ì¡C©Ò¥HColeman©Ò­n³B²zªº¡A¤@­Ó¦³Ãö©óªÀ·|²Õ´ªº¨â­Ó²Õ¦¨³¡¥÷¡G¥Ñ§»Æ[¤ô·Ç Macro Level (¨t²Î¦æ¬°)¨ì·LÆ[¤ô·Ç Micro Level (ªk¤H¦æ°ÊªÌ Corporate Actors )ªºÂàÅܹLµ{¡C¸ÑÄÀ§»Æ[²{¶H¡A¥]¬A¸ÑÄÀ¤TºØÃþ«¬ªºÃö«Y¡G§»Æ[¨ì·LÆ[ªºÂàÅÜ(Macro-to-Micro Transition)¡B­Ó¤H¦³¥Øªºªº¦æ¬°¡@(Purposive Action of Individuals)¡B¤Î·LÆ[¨ì§»Æ[ªºÂàÅÜ(Micro-to-Macro Transition)¡C§Q¥Î³o¤@²z½×½d¦¡(Paradign)¡A¥i¥H·Ç½T¦a´y­z³B©ó§»Æ[¤ô·Çªº½ÑºØÃö«Y¡C¦ý¸ÑÄÀªº¥Ø¼Ð¡A¨Ã¤£¬O§»Æ[¤ô·Ç¦ÛÅܶµ»P¦]Åܶµ¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡C¬O¸ÑÄÀ¦]§»Æ[¤ô·Ç¤W©Ò²£¥Íªº²{¶H¡CColeman»{¬°²z½×ªº¥ô°È¦b©ó»¡©ú§»Æ[¤ô·Ç¤§¤Uªº­Ó¤H¦æ¬°¡A¥H¤Î³o­Ó­Ó¤H¦æ°Ê«ç¼Ëºc¦¨§»Æ[ªÀ·|²{¹³(Macro-Level Phenomenon )¡C

 

[25] Coleman¡G18

[26] ³o¬O¹QÆm¹ï©ó¤¤°ê¬ã¨sªº¤èªk¡Aµ§ªÌ¤Þ¥Î¥Lªº¤èªk¡A¥Øªº¦b©ó±q¤@­Ó§ó¼sªº¡B§óªø®É¶¡ªº¨¤«×¡A¥hÆ[¹î­»´äª÷¿Ä¤£¦P®É¥Nªº¬F©²¡A¦b­«­nªºª÷¿Ä¬Fµ¦ªº¨Mµ¦¤W©Ò­±¹ï¡A¤Î¦Ò¼{ªº¦]¯À¡C¤Î±q²{¦bªº¨¤«×¤ÀªR¤£¦P®É¥Nªº­»´ä¬F©²¹ïª÷¿Äªº©w¸q¡C¹QÆm¹ï©ó¤¤°ê¬ã¨sªº¤èªk¡A½Ð°Ñ¹QÆm¡A1994

 

[27] §Ú­Ì°Ñ¦Ò Lehner and Franz (1991¡G233-256)¡B Xueguang Zhou ¡BMatthew ¡A Kraaatz»P Edward J Zajac (1996)¡A»PFranz , Lehner(1991)µ¥ªº¬ã¨s²z½×¡A¥L­Ì¬ã¨sªº¦¨ªG»P¥»¤å¬ÛÃöªº³¡¥÷±N·|¦b¤U¤å½×¶D¡C

[28] Coase´£¤Î¬°¦ó¦³¨Ç¸gÀÙ¥æ©ö¦æ¬°¬O¦b¯A¤Î³W«h©M¼h¯Å(hierarchical)ªººÞ²zµ²ºc¤U¶i¦æ¡A¦Ó«Dª½±µ¨ü¨î©ó¥«³õªº»ù®æ¾÷¨î¡H¦o»{¬°©Ò¿×ªº»ù®æ¾÷¨î´N¬Oµo¥Í¦b¥«³õ¤¤¡A©¼¦¹½R°Ó«á²£¥Íªº¦¨¥»¡A¤]´N¬O©Ò¿×ªº¥æ©ö¦¨¥»transaction costs ªº¦Ò¶qªº¦s¦b¾É­P¤Fµ²Â´ªº§Î¦¨ªº»Ý­n¡C«áWilliamson´£¥X conditionaizing¡C¦o»{¬°§â¥æ©ö¦¨¥»µø¬°¤@¥\¯à¥²¶·¦³¨â­Ó±ø¥ó¡G¥²¶·¬O¦b­Ó¤H²z©Ê¨ü­­¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¯Ê¥FÃB¥~ªº¥æ©ö«¬ºA®É¡C¦b³o­Ó±¡§Î¤U¡A¥æ©ö·|±q¥«³õ²¾¨ì²Õ´¼h¦¸¡A­Y¤w¦b²Õ´¤º¡A«h·|µo®i¥X§óºë½Tªº±±¨î¡A¹³¬O±q³æ¯Âªº¥«³õ¨ì²VÂøªº«¬ºA¡A¹³¬O¸g¾P¡BÁp·ù«¬ºA¡A©Î¬O¦h³¡ªùªº¤½¥q¡C

[29] ¦b¾ú¥v¨î«×½×¸Ì¡A©l©ó¹ï¬FÅv©MºÞ²z¾÷¨îªº¤ÀªR¡CMarch¡BOlsen¡BHall¡BSkocpol µ¥¤H¹ï¥¿¦¡ªºµ²ºc©M«D¥¿¦¡ªºÃö«Y°µ±´°Q¡C¦o­Ì»{¬°¬Fªv¨î«×¤£¯à­IÂ÷ªÀ·|µ²ºc(¦p¶¥¯Å)¡A¦ý¥i¥H¿W¥ß©óªÀ·|²{¶H¡C¾ã­ÓªÀ·|ªº¦w¸m¨Ã¤£¥u¬O·½©ó­Ó¤H¦³­pµeªº¿ï¾Ü©M¦æ°Ê¡A¤]±`¾É¦]©ó«D¹w´Áªºµ²ªG©M³Q­¢ªº¿ï¾Ü¡F¥B³q±`¤£¤@©w¬O¦X¥G®Ä²vªº¡A²{¦bªº¿ï¾Ü¬O¨ü­­©ó¹L¥hªº¿ï¾Ü¡C(Scott¡AW Richard¡A1995)

 

[30] Xueguang Zhou±qStanford¤j¾Ç¾Ç®Õ²Õ´¦Ê¦~¨Óªº¾ú¥v¡AÀ˵ø¨ä®Õ³W³Ð¥ß»P­×¥¿¤ñ²vªºªÀ·|¾÷¨î¡CXueguang Zhou§Q¥Î²Õ´¾Ç²ß©M¨î«×²z½×¡A±´¯Á¨Ãµo²{¤F¾Ç®Õ²Õ´³W«hºtÅܪº¸ô®|¨Ì¿à( path dependenoy )¡Bª`·N¤O°t¸m¡B¬F©²¤z¹w©M¾ú¥v¯ßµ¸µ¥¼vÅT¾÷¨î©Ò²£¥Íªº®ÄªG¡C

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[31]  Ãö©ó²Õ´²z½×ªºª§½×¤@­Ó¬O±q§Þ³NªºÆ[ÂI¥Xµo¡G²Õ´¬O¤@²z©Ê¦æ°ÊªÌ¡A¥t¤@­Ó¬O±q¨î«×ªº­±¦V¥Xµo¡G²Õ´¬°¨î«×Àô¹Òªº«R¸¸¡C«áªÌ¬O·s¨î«×½×ªº¤@­Ó¥D±i¡C¦¹¥~¦pDiMaggio ©MPowell «ÅºÙ²Õ´³vº¥Åܦ¨«R¸¸¦Ó³B¦b¨î«×¦P«¬¤Æªº·sÅKÅ¢¤¤¡A¦o­ÌÁ٫ź١A·s¨î«×¥D¸qÃö¤ßªº¬O«ùÄò¦Ó¤£¬OÅܾE¡F¦Xªk©Êªº¦æ°Ê¬OºD©Êªº¨Ó·½¡C·s¨î«×½×¤£¥u±j½Õ²Õ´ªº¦P½è©Ê¦P®É¤]±j½Õ¨î«×²Õ¦¨¦¨¤ÀªºÃ­©T¡C«D±`¤Ö¤j³W¼ÒªºÁa¦V¬ã¨sª½±µªº³B²z¨î«×ºD©Ê¡B¦P«¬¶É¦V¡B´M¨D¥¿·í©Ê¡B§Þ³N»P¨î«×Àô¹Ò¤O¶qªº¼vÅT¡B·s¨î«×½×ªº¨ä¦o°ò¥»«H±ø¡C´«¥y¸Ü´N¬O¦ÒÅç·s¨î«×½×ªº­­¨î¡C²Ä¤@Matthew¥ø¹Ï©w¸q·s¨î«×½×Ãö©ó²Õ´ÅܾEªº¥i¯à©Ê»P¤è¦VªºÃöÁä¡CµM«á¦ÒÅç²Õ´ÅܾEÀH®É¶¡ªº¼Ò¦¡¡B¹w´ú¡Bµ²ªG»P·s¨î«×½×¤@­Pªºµ{«×¡C¦o­Ì©Ò¥Îªº¸ê®Æ¬O¨p¥ßªº¤å²z¾Ç°|¦b­±¹ï¨î«×À£¤O®Éªº¶¶±q»P³vº¥¼W±jªº§Þ³NÀ£¤O³y¦¨¨î«×©Ê¦a«D¥¿·í©Êªº²Õ´ÅܾE¡C(Matthew ¡A Kraaatz»P Edward J Zajac 1996)